Functional Neuroanatomy Exam 1

regional neuroanatomy

spatial relations between brain structures within a portion of the NS

functional neuroanatomy

parts of the NS that work together to accomplish a task

Schwann cells

macroglia, involved in myelinization

oligodendrocytes

macroglia, involved in myelinization

astrocytes

macroglia, provide feet in BBB, guide axons

ependymal cells

macroglia, line fluid-filled cavities

microglia

phagocytic, scavengers, respond to trauma

limbic system

emotions, hippocampus & amygdala

basal ganglia

striatum, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus

subdural space

between dura & arachnoid mater

subarachnoid space

between arachnoid & pia mater; spiderwebby with arachnoid filaments

dorsal column

tract on dorsal surface of the spinal cord

dorsal column nucleus

relay nucleus in medulla; first synapse in DCML

medial lemniscus

brain stem tract in DCML

diffuse projecting systems

neurons with widespread projections for more generalized functions

acetylcholine

higher order cortex; attention

dopamine

frontal lobe and striatum; action

noradrenaline

ascending/descending; arousal

serotonin

ascending/descending; mood/pain

substantia nigra

midbrain, origin of dopamine

ventral tegmental area

midbrain, origin of dopamine

lateral column

corticospinal tract in spinal cord

ventral root

axons exiting the spinal cord to innervate muscle

dorsal root ganglion neurons

somatic sensory receptor neurons

pulvinar nucleus

parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex projection thalamic nucleus

medial-dorsal nucleus

prefrontal cortex projecting thalamic nucleus

anterior nucleus

limbic system projecting thalamic nucleus

ischemia

decreased delivery of oxygenated blood to a portion of the CNS

infarction

death of tissue due to ischemia

anterior circulation

circulation fed by internal carotid arteries

posterior circulation

circulation fed by vertebral arteries

basilar artery

joining of vertebral arteries along the midline

internal carotid arteries

feed anterior circulation

vertebral arteries

feed posterior circulation

carotid circulation

synonym of anterior circulation

vertebral-basilar circulation

synonym of posterior circulation

dural sinuses

venous collection channels in dura mater into which cerebral veins drain

posterior communicating artery

allows bloodflow between middle & posterior cerebral arteries

anterior choroidal artery

supplies diencephalic and subcortical structures

lenticulostriate arteries

proximal, deep branches of anterior & middle cerebral arteries

deep cerebral veins

drain interior portions of white matter, basal ganglia, and parts of the diencephalon

great cerebral vein (of Galen)

deep cerebral veins drain into this vein

superior sagittal sinus

runs along midline at superior margin of falx celebri

inferior sagittal sinus

runs along inferior margin of falx celebri

straight sinus

great cerebral vein (of Galen) and inferior sagittal sinus drain here

transverse sinuses

superior sagittal & straight sinuses join to form these two sinuses

sigmoid sinuses

transverse sinuses drain here, which return blood to internal jugular veins

choroid plexus

secretes CSF, located in roof of third & fourth ventricles and roof & floor of lateral ventricles

choroid epithelium

specialized CSF production tissue in choroid plexus, prevents seeping of blood into CSF

blood-CSF barrier

choroid epithelium prevents transport of materials from blood to CSF

arachnoid villi

CSF passes from subarachnoid space to venous blood through these

arachnoid granulations

macroscopic structures made up of clusters of arachnoid villi