Fundamentals Quiz 1

speech science includes

speech production and speech perception

hearing science includes

acoustics/ psychoacoustics and speech perception

Speech

an efficent system of communication requiring complex articulator gestures

language

complex rule-governed communication system

what are the 4 components of language?

semantics, syntax, morphology and phonology

Learning theory

selective reinforcement provided to the child as s/he uses language to operate on the environment

innateness theory

ability of humans to manage certain aspects of linguistic structure is in their nature

Thought

an internal representation of experiences

physics

science that deals with matter, energy, motion and force

acoustics

a branch of physics that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception and effects of sound

bioacoustics

Combination of biology and acoustics in the study of sound production and perception in animals and humans.

human speech falls into what category?

bioacoustics

energy

the ability ( or power) to do work

work

the force needed to move a mass a certain distance in a certain time.

mass is usually measured in

kg

distance is usually measured in

meters

time is usually measured in

seconds

intensity

the power per unit area; usually measured in watts/ cm2

pressure

force acting a specific surface area. Usually measured in pascal

inertia

the tendency for the body at rest to remain at rest and a body in motion to remain in motion

elasticity

the quality of a material that causes it to return to it’s original position after being distended

friction

resistance of one surface moving over another

Semantics

the meaning of words in different contexts and how it changes based on meaning can change based on word organization, and environment

Syntax

the rules and principles that govern language; grammer

Morphology

examines how words are formed and how that can change the meaning

Phonology

deals with the sounds in a language, and the rules that govern how they can be combined

waveforms

the shape of graph “waves” that we use to display changes in sound pressure

spectrograms

a way of visually representing the intensity or loudness of a signal over time, showing harmonics and formants

Line spectrums

visual representation of the frequency components at a specific time that shows the individual amplitude of individual frequencies.

how we say something is

speech

what we say is

language

what we think is

thought

Linguistic determinism is aka

Sapir-whorf hypothesis

what are the 2 forms of the sapir-whorf hypotheis?

strong and weak

the weak form of the SW hypothesis says

that language doesn’t fully constrain our thoughts, so though it influences it we can think outside of the restrictions of our language.

the strong form of the SW hypothesis says

if we don’t have words for a concept, we can’t understand it. Also, people with more words for certain things perceive more aspects about that thing.

what is the area studied in both shearing and speech science?

speech perception and acoustic analysis

Why do humans use speech to communicate?

It’s faster, more efficient, and flexible method

Descriptive research

involves observing, describing and recording events to try and find relationships. the key is that there is no manipulation of variables

experimental research

observes/records behaviors under controlled condition’s; variables are adjusted.

2 things required to analyze speech production

a way to record sound and a way to measure it

what are the 4 main physiologic measurements of speech

muscle activity measurements, respiratory function measurements, laryngeal function measurements and articulatory measurements

what do muscle activity measurements do?

analyzes electrical activity of muscles involved in speech production

what do respiratory function measurements do?

assess airflow and pressure during speech, which are important for understanding voice production.

what do laryngeal function measurements do?

asseses the physiological process involved in speech production

what do articulatory measurements do?

tracks the movement of speech organs