FILOSOFIE SAMENVATTING .docx

Comes from Greek ‘filein’ meaning ‘to love’ and ‘sophia’ meaning ‘wisdom.’

Philosophy

A worldview based on myths and gods, characterized by fantastic storytelling.

Mythos

A foundation in rational explanation, relying on observation and argument without invoking gods or emotions.

Logos

Philosophy begins with wonder and is a quest to understand ourselves and the world.

Plato's view on philosophy

The study of humans, societies, and their development.

Anthropology

A form of cooperative argumentative dialogue stimulating critical thinking and illuminating ideas.

Socratic Method

Considered the first philosopher, believed water is the origin of all things.

Thales of Miletus

A student of Thales, proposed the concept of ‘apeiron’ (the infinite) as the source of all things.

Anaximander

Philosophy that emphasizes numbers and mathematical relationships as the basis of reality.

Pythagoreanism

Philosopher known for his doctrine of change, famously stating 'everything flows'.

Heraclitus

An early materialist philosopher who proposed that everything is made of atoms.

Democritus

A concept in Aristotelian ethics referring to a state of flourishing or living well.

Eudaimonia

An ethical framework focusing on empathy and the responsibilities toward others.

Caring Ethics

Kant’s principle that one should act only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

Categorical Imperative

An ethical theory that promotes actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the majority.

Utilitarianism

Nietzsche's concept of an idealized individual who defines their own values and purpose.

Übermensch

A philosophical perspective that questions universal truths and narratives, emphasizing relative interpretations of reality.

Postmodernism

The state of being other or different; a key concept in the philosophies of Levinas.

Alterity

The existence of multiple perspectives, ideas, or values in society, often discussed in Arendt’s philosophy.

Plurality

An expression of doubt or uncertainty, often used in philosophical discourse.

Aporia