Eye

Phenylephrine action

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, causes pupil dilation (mydriasis) by constricting the iris dilator muscle. Also causes vasoconstriction which reduces redness.

Phenylephrine indications

Eye exams, pre-and post eye surgery, red eye relief (not very common)

Phenylephrine adverse effects

Burning and stinging of the eyes, light sensitivity. Increase blood pressure, bradycardia and headache.

Phenylephrine contraindications

Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism

Phenylephrine patient education

Vision will be blurred and light sensitive. Have patient wear sunglasses. Avoid driving.

Lidocaine action in the eyes

Local anesthetic that block sodium channels and prevents nerve impulse conduction, numbs the eye

Lidocaine indications

Eye pressure test, foreign body removal, minor surgeries

Lidocaine adverse effects

Burning when initially put on, corneal damage with repeated use. CARDIAC DEPRESSION/ARRHYTHMIAS AND CNS TOXICITY.

Lidocaine contraindications

Hypersensitivity

Lidocaine patient education

Do not rub or touch eye while it’s still numb, increases risk of injury. Used only in clinical settings.

Dexamethasone action

Corticosteroid that decreases in inflammation by suppressing immune response. Reduces swelling, redness, and pain.

Dexamethasone indications

Inflammatory eye conditions, such as allergic conjunctivitis and postop inflammation

Dexamethasone adverse effects

Increased intraocular pressure can lead to glaucoma, cataract formation with long-term use, delayed wound healing, increased risk of eye infections

Dexamethasone contraindications

Active eye infections and use caution with untreated glaucoma

Dexamethasone patient education

Do not stop abruptly if used long-term. Report eye pain, and vision changes.

Phenylephrine use

Dilate pupil

Lidocaine use

Numbs eye

Dexamethasone use

Reduces inflammation