2022 agust multiple choice wrong

1. What is the target of clavulanic acid?
a) alanine-racemase
b) beta-lactamase
c) penicillin acylase
d) peptide transaminase
e) transpeptidase

b) beta-lactamase

2. What does a negative value of σ signify for a substituent?
a) it is electron donating
b) it is electron withdrawing
c) it is hydrophilic
d) it is hydrophobic
e) it is neutral

a) it is electron donating

Hydrocortisone is transformed into hydrocortisone pivalate as shown below. Which one of the following statements is incorrect concerning this transformation?

a) hydrocortisone pivalate has a longer duration of action
b) hydrocortisone pivalate has a slower onset of action
c) hydrocortisone pivalate is a prodrug
d) hydrocortisone pivalate is more hydrophilic
e) hydrocortisone pivalate is more lipophilic

d) hydrocortisone pivalate is more hydrophilic (esterifacation increases lipophilicity)

5. Cobalt is an essential trace element that is an integral part of which vitamin?
a) vitamin A
b) vitamin B6
c) vitamin B9
d) vitamin B12
e) vitamin D

d) vitamin B12

7. Which one of these drugs is normally used for maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis?
a) aminosalicylic acid
b) azathioprine
c) cyclosporin
d) infliximab
e) prednisolone

a) aminosalicylic acid

8. Which one of the following approaches would be the most appropriate to reduce the symptoms of chronic hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with severe hepatic cirrhosis?
a) administration of a diuretic medicine
b) administration of a laxative and oral antibiotic medicine
c) administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medicine
d) administration of a vasopressin analogue
e) administration of interferon-alpha and an oral anti-viral medicine

b) administration of a laxative and oral antibiotic medicine

16. Which one of the following drying techniques produces spherical particles from a liquid?

a) freeze drying
b) microwave drying
c) oven drying
d) spray drying
e) tray drying

d) spray drying

Why the others are incorrect:
Freeze drying → produces porous, irregular particles
Microwave drying → removes moisture but does not form spheres
Oven drying → bulk drying of materials
Tray drying → drying of solids placed on trays

17. Which one of the following steps is necessary to provide rounding in sugar-coating a tablet?
a) polishing
b) printing
c) sealing
d) smoothing
e) subcoating

e) subcoating