14. Becoming Independent

cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ (adj)

cẩn thận, thận trọng. Ex: (1) She is cautious when crossing the road. (2) Investors are cautious about risky projects. (3) A cautious approach can prevent costly mistakes.

meticulous /məˈtɪkjələs/ (adj)

tỉ mỉ, kỹ lưỡng. Ex: (1) He is meticulous with details. (2) The report was prepared with meticulous care. (3) Successful researchers are often meticulous in their work.

reckless /ˈrekləs/ (adj)

liều lĩnh, bất cẩn. Ex: (1) His driving was reckless. (2) It was reckless to ignore the warning signs. (3) Reckless decisions can create long-term problems.

determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ (v)

xác định; quyết định. Ex: (1) We need to determine the cause. (2) Hard work often determines success. (3) The committee will determine the final outcome.

waver /ˈweɪvə(r)/ (v)

do dự, lung lay. Ex: (1) She never wavered in her belief. (2) His confidence began to waver. (3) Despite criticism, she refused to waver from her goal.

collective /kəˈlektɪv/ (adj)

tập thể, chung. Ex: (1) It was a collective effort. (2) The team achieved a collective success. (3) Collective action can solve community problems.

adulthood /ˈædʌlthʊd/ (n)

thời kỳ trưởng thành. Ex: (1) He entered adulthood at eighteen. (2) Adulthood brings new responsibilities. (3) Many life skills are developed during early adulthood.

strive /straɪv/ (v)

nỗ lực, phấn đấu. Ex: (1) Students strive for good grades. (2) She strives to improve every day. (3) Successful people strive to achieve their goals.

contend /kənˈtend/ (v)

đấu tranh, đối mặt, cạnh tranh. Ex: (1) Small businesses contend with competition. (2) She had to contend with many difficulties. (3) Young adults often contend with financial challenges.

oppose /əˈpəʊz/ (v)

phản đối, chống lại. Ex: (1) Many people oppose the plan. (2) She opposed the unfair decision. (3) Citizens opposed policies that limited freedom.

incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/ (n)

động lực, sự khuyến khích. Ex: (1) The bonus is an incentive. (2) Financial incentives encourage saving. (3) The program provides incentives for students to study harder.

drive /draɪv/ (n)

động lực, khát vọng. Ex: (1) She has strong drive. (2) His drive helped him succeed. (3) Personal drive is essential for long-term achievement.

mismanage /ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒ/ (v)

quản lý kém. Ex: (1) The company was mismanaged. (2) He mismanaged his budget. (3) Poor leaders often mismanage resources.

mishandle /ˌmɪsˈhændl/ (v)

xử lý sai, giải quyết không tốt. Ex: (1) The package was mishandled. (2) She mishandled the situation. (3) Mishandling customer complaints can damage a business.

get ready /ɡet ˈredi/ (phr v)

chuẩn bị. Ex: (1) Get ready for school. (2) She got ready for the interview. (3) Students should get ready for future careers early.

fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/ (adj)

cơ bản, nền tảng. Ex: (1) Reading is a fundamental skill. (2) Trust is fundamental to relationships. (3) Financial literacy is fundamental to independence.

complex /ˈkɒmpleks/ (adj)

phức tạp. Ex: (1) The problem is complex. (2) Adult life involves complex decisions. (3) Managing finances can be a complex task.

lease /liːs/ (v/n)

thuê dài hạn; hợp đồng thuê. Ex: (1) They leased an apartment. (2) She signed a one-year lease. (3) Many students lease accommodation near universities.

hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ (v)

thuê. Ex: (1) They hired a flat. (2) He hired a room near work. (3) Young workers often hire accommodation before buying a home.

equilibrium /ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm/ (n)

sự cân bằng. Ex: (1) The system reached equilibrium. (2) Work-life equilibrium is important. (3) Financial equilibrium helps reduce stress.

imbalance /ɪmˈbæləns/ (n)

sự mất cân bằng. Ex: (1) There is an imbalance in spending. (2) Sleep imbalance affects health. (3) Financial imbalance can lead to debt.

put aside /pʊt əˈsaɪd/ (phr v)

để dành, gác sang một bên. Ex: (1) She put aside some money. (2) They put aside their differences. (3) Young adults should put aside savings regularly.

autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ (adj)

tự chủ, độc lập. Ex: (1) She became autonomous. (2) Autonomous learners study effectively. (3) Independent living requires autonomous decision-making.

visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ (adj)

có thể nhìn thấy, rõ ràng. Ex: (1) The mountain is visible. (2) There was visible progress. (3) Her efforts produced visible results over time.

little by little /ˌlɪtl baɪ ˈlɪtl/ (phr)

từng chút một. Ex: (1) Little by little, he improved. (2) She paid off her debt little by little. (3) Confidence grows little by little through experience.

step by step /step baɪ step/ (phr)

từng bước một. Ex: (1) Learn it step by step. (2) She built her career step by step. (3) Financial independence is achieved step by step.

annoyance /əˈnɔɪəns/ (n)

sự khó chịu, bực bội. Ex: (1) The noise caused annoyance. (2) She expressed her annoyance calmly. (3) Frequent delays became a source of annoyance.

contentment /kənˈtentmənt/ (n)

sự hài lòng, mãn nguyện. Ex: (1) He felt contentment. (2) Financial stability brought contentment. (3) True contentment often comes from meaningful goals.

lodging /ˈlɒdʒɪŋ/ (n)

chỗ ở tạm thời. Ex: (1) We found lodging nearby. (2) The hotel provided comfortable lodging. (3) Students often seek affordable lodging.

internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ (n)

kỳ thực tập. Ex: (1) She completed an internship. (2) The internship provided useful experience. (3) A competitive internship can open career opportunities.

weigh /weɪ/ (v)

cân nhắc. Ex: (1) We must weigh the options. (2) She carefully weighed the risks. (3) Good decision-makers weigh advantages and disadvantages.

financial management /faɪˈnænʃl ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ (n)

quản lý tài chính. Ex: (1) Financial management is important. (2) Good financial management prevents debt. (3) Students should learn financial management before living independently.

manageable /ˈmænɪdʒəbl/ (adj)

có thể quản lý được. Ex: (1) The task is manageable. (2) The workload became manageable. (3) Setting priorities makes responsibilities more manageable.

controllable /kənˈtrəʊləbl/ (adj)

có thể kiểm soát được. Ex: (1) The situation is controllable. (2) Stress becomes controllable with planning. (3) Most financial risks are controllable through careful decisions.

save for something /seɪv fə(r) ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr v)

tiết kiệm cho việc gì. Ex: (1) She is saving for a bike. (2) They saved for a new apartment. (3) Many young adults save for future education expenses.

unemotional /ˌʌnɪˈməʊʃənl/ (adj)

không để cảm xúc chi phối, điềm tĩnh. Ex: (1) He remained unemotional. (2) The judge gave an unemotional response. (3) Unemotional decisions are often more objective.

progressively /prəˈɡresɪvli/ (adv)

dần dần, ngày càng. Ex: (1) The weather became progressively warmer. (2) Her skills improved progressively. (3) Expenses increased progressively over the year.

way of life /weɪ əv laɪf/ (n)

lối sống. Ex: (1) Farming is their way of life. (2) Healthy habits improve your way of life. (3) Moving abroad may change your entire way of life.

disorganise /dɪsˈɔːɡənaɪz/ (v)

làm mất trật tự, khiến thiếu tổ chức. Ex: (1) The delay disorganised our plans. (2) Unexpected events can disorganise a schedule. (3) Poor planning may disorganise daily responsibilities.

overwhelmed /ˌəʊvəˈwelmd/ (adj)

quá tải, choáng ngợp. Ex: (1) She felt overwhelmed. (2) New students often feel overwhelmed at first. (3) He was overwhelmed by the number of responsibilities.

self-learning /ˌself ˈlɜːnɪŋ/ (n)

tự học. Ex: (1) Self-learning requires discipline. (2) Online resources support self-learning. (3) Self-learning helps people develop independent thinking.

move away /muːv əˈweɪ/ (phr v)

chuyển đi nơi khác sống. Ex: (1) She moved away last year. (2) He moved away to attend university. (3) Many young adults move away to pursue career opportunities.

on one's own /ɒn wʌnz əʊn/ (phr)

tự mình, một mình. Ex: (1) She lives on her own. (2) He solved the problem on his own. (3) Living on your own teaches responsibility and independence.

require somebody to do something /rɪˈkwaɪə(r) ˈsʌmbədi tə ˈduː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

yêu cầu ai làm gì. Ex: (1) The job requires employees to work hard. (2) The course requires students to complete assignments. (3) Independent living requires people to manage their finances carefully.

restricted /rɪˈstrɪktɪd/ (adj)

bị hạn chế. Ex: (1) Access is restricted. (2) The area is restricted to staff only. (3) Students had restricted access to certain facilities.

entail /ɪnˈteɪl/ (v)

đòi hỏi, kéo theo. Ex: (1) The job entails travel. (2) University study entails a lot of responsibility. (3) Living independently often entails managing finances carefully.

exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/ (v)

loại trừ, không bao gồm. Ex: (1) The price excludes tax. (2) The club excluded new members. (3) The report excluded unnecessary information.

needless /ˈniːdləs/ (adj)

không cần thiết. Ex: (1) The argument was needless. (2) Needless worry can affect your health. (3) Good planning helps avoid needless expenses.

redundant /rɪˈdʌndənt/ (adj)

thừa, dư thừa. Ex: (1) Some details were redundant. (2) The sentence contains redundant words. (3) Removing redundant steps improved efficiency.

untidy /ʌnˈtaɪdi/ (adj)

bừa bộn, không gọn gàng. Ex: (1) His room is untidy. (2) The desk looked untidy after work. (3) An untidy environment can reduce productivity.

mess up /mes ʌp/ (phr v)

làm hỏng, làm rối tung. Ex: (1) I messed up the recipe. (2) He messed up the presentation. (3) Poor planning can mess up your schedule.

evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ (v)

đánh giá. Ex: (1) We need to evaluate the results. (2) She evaluated all the options carefully. (3) Good decision-makers evaluate risks before acting.

financial pressure /faɪˈnænʃl ˈpreʃə(r)/ (n)

áp lực tài chính. Ex: (1) Many families face financial pressure. (2) Students often experience financial pressure. (3) Unexpected expenses can create significant financial pressure.

priceless /ˈpraɪsləs/ (adj)

vô giá. Ex: (1) The painting is priceless. (2) Her advice was priceless. (3) The experience gained from travel is often priceless.

valueless /ˈvæljuːləs/ (adj)

không có giá trị. Ex: (1) The damaged note became valueless. (2) The document was considered valueless. (3) Without evidence, the claim seemed valueless.

worthless /ˈwɜːθləs/ (adj)

vô giá trị. Ex: (1) The ticket was worthless. (2) He felt the old equipment was worthless. (3) The counterfeit products were practically worthless.

non-academic /ˌnɒnækəˈdemɪk/ (adj)

không thuộc học thuật. Ex: (1) She enjoys non-academic activities. (2) Sports are an important non-academic pursuit. (3) Employers value both academic and non-academic achievements.

attentively /əˈtentɪvli/ (adv)

chăm chú, tập trung. Ex: (1) She listened attentively. (2) Students followed the lesson attentively. (3) Attentively reading instructions helps avoid mistakes.

excessive /ɪkˈsesɪv/ (adj)

quá mức. Ex: (1) Excessive noise is annoying. (2) Excessive spending can cause debt. (3) Excessive screen time may affect productivity.

extravagant /ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/ (adj)

xa hoa, phung phí. Ex: (1) The wedding was extravagant. (2) He has extravagant tastes. (3) Extravagant spending can create financial problems.

moderate /ˈmɒdərət/ (adj)

vừa phải, điều độ. Ex: (1) Exercise at a moderate pace. (2) The increase was moderate. (3) A moderate budget is easier to manage.

burden /ˈbɜːdn/ (n)

gánh nặng. Ex: (1) Debt became a burden. (2) Caring for others can be a burden at times. (3) Financial burdens often cause stress.

load /ləʊd/ (n)

gánh nặng, khối lượng công việc. Ex: (1) The truck carried a heavy load. (2) She has a heavy workload. (3) Managing a full course load requires discipline.

make a choice /meɪk ə tʃɔɪs/ (phr)

đưa ra lựa chọn. Ex: (1) You must make a choice. (2) She made a difficult choice. (3) Young adults often make choices that shape their future.

under control /ˌʌndə kənˈtrəʊl/ (phr)

được kiểm soát. Ex: (1) Everything is under control. (2) The situation is now under control. (3) Keeping expenses under control prevents financial difficulties.

academic performance /ˌækəˈdemɪk pəˈfɔːməns/ (n)

kết quả học tập. Ex: (1) Her academic performance improved. (2) Sleep affects academic performance. (3) Strong academic performance can open career opportunities.

accomplishment /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/ (n)

thành tựu. Ex: (1) Graduating was a major accomplishment. (2) The award recognized her accomplishments. (3) Completing the project was a significant accomplishment.

fortitude /ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd/ (n)

sự kiên cường, ý chí mạnh mẽ. Ex: (1) She faced challenges with fortitude. (2) Fortitude helped him recover from failure. (3) Great leaders often demonstrate remarkable fortitude.

timidity /tɪˈmɪdəti/ (n)

sự rụt rè, nhút nhát. Ex: (1) Timidity held him back. (2) She overcame her timidity over time. (3) Excessive timidity may prevent people from taking opportunities.

inordinate /ɪnˈɔːdɪnət/ (adj)

quá mức, bất thường. Ex: (1) He spent an inordinate amount of time online. (2) The project required an inordinate effort. (3) Inordinate spending can create serious debt.

versatile /ˈvɜːsətaɪl/ (adj)

đa năng. Ex: (1) She is a versatile employee. (2) This tool is versatile and practical. (3) Versatile skills increase employment opportunities.

adjustable /əˈdʒʌstəbl/ (adj)

có thể điều chỉnh được. Ex: (1) The chair is adjustable. (2) The schedule is adjustable. (3) Adjustable plans help people adapt to change.

rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ (adj)

cứng nhắc. Ex: (1) The rules are rigid. (2) A rigid schedule can be stressful. (3) Rigid thinking sometimes limits creativity.

inflexible /ɪnˈfleksəbl/ (adj)

không linh hoạt. Ex: (1) The policy is inflexible. (2) His attitude was inflexible. (3) Inflexible working hours can reduce job satisfaction.

fixed /fɪkst/ (adj)

cố định. Ex: (1) The price is fixed. (2) She works fixed hours. (3) A fixed income requires careful budgeting.

homesickness /ˈhəʊmsɪknəs/ (n)

nỗi nhớ nhà. Ex: (1) He suffered from homesickness. (2) Many students experience homesickness. (3) Homesickness is common among people living abroad.

at once /ət wʌns/ (phr)

ngay lập tức. Ex: (1) Come here at once. (2) She replied at once. (3) Problems should be addressed at once before they worsen.

assessment /əˈsesmənt/ (n)

sự đánh giá; bài đánh giá. Ex: (1) The assessment was difficult. (2) Teachers use assessments to measure progress. (3) A careful assessment helps people make informed decisions.

lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ (adj)

suốt đời. Ex: (1) Learning is lifelong. (2) They remained lifelong friends. (3) Lifelong habits often shape a person's success.

solitude /ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/ (n)

sự cô tịch, ở một mình. Ex: (1) She enjoys solitude. (2) Solitude helped him focus on his work. (3) Some people find solitude beneficial for self-reflection.

alienation /ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ (n)

sự xa lánh, cô lập. Ex: (1) He felt alienation. (2) Social alienation affects mental health. (3) Moving to a new city can sometimes cause feelings of alienation.

memorise /ˈmeməraɪz/ (v)

ghi nhớ, học thuộc. Ex: (1) She memorised the poem. (2) Students memorised key formulas. (3) Memorising vocabulary helps language learners.

mentality /menˈtæləti/ (n)

tư duy, tâm lý. Ex: (1) He has a positive mentality. (2) Success often depends on mentality. (3) An independent mentality encourages personal growth.

suppress /səˈpres/ (v)

kìm nén, đàn áp. Ex: (1) He suppressed his anger. (2) She tried to suppress her fears. (3) Constantly suppressing emotions may cause stress.

passively /ˈpæsɪvli/ (adv)

một cách thụ động. Ex: (1) He listened passively. (2) She accepted the decision passively. (3) Learning passively is often less effective than active participation.

unsupportive /ˌʌnsəˈpɔːtɪv/ (adj)

không ủng hộ. Ex: (1) His friends were unsupportive. (2) She worked in an unsupportive environment. (3) An unsupportive attitude can reduce confidence.

unsure /ˌʌnˈʃʊə(r)/ (adj)

không chắc chắn. Ex: (1) I am unsure. (2) She felt unsure about her decision. (3) Many graduates are unsure about their future careers.

standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/ (n)

quan điểm, góc nhìn. Ex: (1) I understand your standpoint. (2) The issue was discussed from several standpoints. (3) Considering different standpoints improves decision-making.

fault /fɔːlt/ (n)

lỗi, khuyết điểm. Ex: (1) It was my fault. (2) Everyone has faults. (3) Recognizing your faults is important for self-improvement.

drawback /ˈdrɔːbæk/ (n)

nhược điểm. Ex: (1) Every plan has drawbacks. (2) The main drawback is the cost. (3) One drawback of living alone is loneliness.

frailty /ˈfreɪlti/ (n)

sự yếu đuối, mong manh. Ex: (1) Old age may bring frailty. (2) Human frailty is natural. (3) The experience reminded him of human frailty.

willingness /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ (n)

sự sẵn lòng. Ex: (1) She showed willingness to help. (2) Willingness to learn is important. (3) Employers value willingness to take responsibility.