Functionalism

Define functionalism

Functionalism claims that all mental states can be characterised in terms of functional roles which can be multiply realised.

Define function alongside and explanation and example.

A function is a job, task or role. A function can be specified in terms of inputs and outputs, for a given input, they produce a certain output. For example, f(x)=2x, when the input is one, they output is two. The casual role of functionalism states that any functional state can be described in terms of what typically causes it (the input) and what is typically causes (the output). A functional state is a state that fulfills a functional role. Some things are defined functionally e.g a screw driver or an eye.

What is meant by the casual role in functionalism?

Any functional state can be defined in terms of what typically causes it (inputs) and what it typically causes in turn (outputs).

Any functional state can be described in terms of what typically causes it, and what it typically causes in turn.

Define functional state.

A functional state is the state that fulfils a functional role (turns inputs into outputs)

What does it mean to be defined functionally and what are examples.

To be defined functionally is to be defined in terms of inputs and outputs. For example, eyes can be defined functionally, upon the input of light waves, they result in the output of neural signals to enable an organism to navigate its environment, instead of with reference to their composition, this explains why all organisms eyes are defined in the same way despite not having the same composition.

How do functionalists define mental states?

They define mental states in terms of the casual role they play in consort with environmental inputs via other sense, other mental states and behaviours via output.

For example, the mental states of pain is defined as being caused by damage to the body, resulting in mental states such as a desire to be rid of the pain and behaviours such as wincing and groaning as well as efforts to be rid of the pain. Mind are not defined in terms of their structure nor subjective experiences/what is is like to have a mind.

What are strengths of functionalism?

Recognises the causal role that mental states have with respect to other mental states and behaviours via output, aligning with the common sense view, as well as giving mental states an explanatory role in understanding behaviour.