History Chapter 9-10 Vocab

Cotton Gin

a machine that removes seeds from cotton fiber

patent

sole legal right to an invention and its profits

captialism

economic system in which private citizens and companies won the means of production; an economic system based on private property and free enterprise

capital

money or other resources used to create wealth

free enterprise

a type of economy in which people and businesses are free to buy, sell and produce whatever they want with a minimum of government interferences

elements

natural or artificial substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances buy physical or chemical means

interchangeable parts

a part of a machine or device that can be replaced by another, identical part

corporation

type of business or organization owned by many people but treated by law as though it were a person

census

the official count of a population

region

an area defined by a feature or characterisic

sectionalism

rivalry based on the special interests of different areas

monopoly

a market where there is only one provider of a good or service

interstate commerce

economic activity taking place between two or more states

ceded

to transfer control of something

impervious

not allowing entrance

martial

of or relating to war or the military

emulating

imitating; trying to equal or excel

inroads

sudden hostile attacks

satiate

to satisfy hunger, want, or need

attenuated

long and slender

indurated

tissues or fibers that have become hard

unremitted

without rest or relief

sinews

laces or cords made from animal tendons or muscles

accountremements

accessories of clothing or equipment

countenance

facial expression

aghast

shocked

immolatae

to kill or destroy, often by fire

plaintive

expressing sadness or grief

audacious

daring, bold, energetic, enthusiastic

disconcerted

confused, worried, or frustrated

favorite son

a candidate for national office who has support mostly from his home state

plurality

the largest number of something, but less than a majority

facilitate

to help make happen

mudslinging

a method in election campaigns that uses gossip and lies to make a opponent look bad

bureaucracy

a system of government in which specialized tasks are carried out by appointed officials rather than by elected ones

spoils system

the practice of handing out government jobs to supports; replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters

nominating conventions

a meeting in which representative members of a political party choose candidates to run for important elected offices

veto

to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming law