kanaly test

natural rights

Rights people are born with (life, liberty, property); Era: Enlightenment

Protestant individualism

Belief in personal relationship with God; Era: Reformation / Early Modern

legal equality

Idea that everyone is equal under the law; Era: Enlightenment → Atlantic Revolutions

cotton gin

Machine that separates cotton quickly; Era: Industrial Revolution

humanism

Focus on human potential and classical learning; Era: Renaissance

slaves = property

Enslaved people treated as owned objects; Era: Atlantic World / Colonial Era

skepticism

Questioning accepted beliefs; Era: Scientific Revolution

Bolívar

Leader of Latin American independence movements; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

weakened Spanish empire

Spain lost power after independence movements; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

scientific method

Process of observation, hypothesis, and testing; Era: Scientific Revolution

republicanism

Government where citizens elect representatives; Era: Enlightenment / Atlantic Revolutions

republican virtue

Citizens act for the good of the country; Era: Enlightenment

manufacturing

Production of goods in factories; Era: Industrial Revolution

classical writers

Greek/Roman authors studied for ideas; Era: Renaissance

First Coalition

European alliance against revolutionary France; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

monarchy

Government ruled by a king or queen; Era: Pre-Enlightenment / Challenged in Atlantic Revolutions

putting-out system

Home-based production before factories; Era: Pre-Industrial / Early Industrial

slaves fight for enemy

Enslaved people joined opposing sides for freedom; Era: Haitian Revolution

primogeniture

Oldest son inherits all property; Era: Pre-Enlightenment

Locke

Philosopher who promoted natural rights and consent of governed; Era: Enlightenment

native immunity to disease

Some populations had resistance to diseases; Era: Atlantic World

learned ideas

Knowledge gained through study and education; Era: Renaissance

divine right

King’s authority comes from God; Era: Pre-Enlightenment

Galileo

Scientist who challenged Church with heliocentric theory; Era: Scientific Revolution

right of property

Right to own possessions; Era: Enlightenment

popular sovereignty

Government power comes from the people; Era: Enlightenment / Atlantic Revolutions

regicide

Killing a king; Era: Scientific Revolution → Atlantic Revolutions

witch hunts

Persecution based on superstition; Era: Pre-Enlightenment (declines after Enlightenment)

lifespan

Average length of life (often lower early Industrial); Era: Industrial Revolution

San Martín

Leader in South American independence; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

printing press

Machine that spreads information quickly; Era: Renaissance → Industrial Revolution

autonomy

Self-rule or independence; Era: Enlightenment / Atlantic Revolutions

Bastille

Prison stormed at start of French Revolution; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

mercantilism

Economic system based on trade and colonies for wealth; Era: Early Modern / Atlantic World

earth pollution

Environmental damage from factories; Era: Industrial Revolution

second republic in hemisphere

Haiti became second independent republic; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

human rights

Basic rights all people should have; Era: Enlightenment → Atlantic Revolutions

meritocracy

Status based on ability, not birth; Era: Enlightenment

Creole

Person of European descent born in the Americas; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

land to soldier-farmers

Land given as reward for military service; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

imperial mercantilism

Colonies exist to benefit mother country; Era: Atlantic World

reason in politics

Using logic to govern; Era: Enlightenment

human rights not yet for child

Children lacked protections (child labor); Era: Industrial Revolution

join or die

Unity slogan in American Revolution; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

kinds of transportation everywhere

Expansion of railroads/steamships; Era: Industrial Revolution

astro-mechanical ratios

Applying math to machines and engineering; Era: Industrial Revolution

Italian city-states (incl. Venice)

Wealthy independent cities driving culture; Era: Renaissance

St. Domingue

French colony where Haitian Revolution began; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

empiricism

Knowledge through observation and experience; Era: Scientific Revolution

Louisiana Territory

Land controlled by France then sold to U.S.; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

Encyclopedia

Compilation of Enlightenment knowledge; Era: Enlightenment

microscope

Tool to view tiny organisms; Era: Scientific Revolution

Hidalgo

Priest who led Mexican independence movement; Era: Atlantic Revolutions

magnetic compass

Navigation tool for sea travel; Era: Early Modern (Age of Exploration)

camera obscura

Early image projection device; Era: Renaissance

daguerreotype

Early photographic process; Era: Industrial Revolution

start-end dates of Enlightenment

Roughly late 1600s–late 1700s; Era: Enlightenment

censorship

Restricting ideas or information; Era: Pre-Enlightenment → Enlightenment opposition