Week 1

hole or hallow space in the body containing organs

body cavity

combining form

The combination of the root and the combining vowel -Ex.Gastr/o

postoperative

after an operation

space containing the brain

cranial cavity

space containing the spinal cord within the spinal column

spinal cavity

contains the heart and lungs within the ribs and between the neck and diaphragm

thoracic or chest cavity

contains the major organs of digestion

abdominal cavity

contains the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

pelvic cavity

thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity of divide a space or organ

membranes

membrane lining the walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities

peritoneum

outer layer of peritoneum lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities

parietal peritoneum

inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs

visceral peritoneum

pit on stomach where the umbilical cord entered the fetus

umbilicus

layer of peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity

mesentery

superficial to the peritoneum

retroperitoneal

present at birth

congential

deviation from the normal

anomaly or defect

disease or condition caused by defective genes

genetic disorder

tissue

hist/o

study of structure, composition, and function of tissue

histology

covers internal and external body surfaces, made of tightly packed cells

Epithelial tissue or epithelium

holds organs in place and binding parts together

connective tissue

fat

adipose tissue

muscle tissue, can contract and relax

muscle tissue

tissue that reacts to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

nervous tissue

development, growth in number of cells

-plasia

development. growth in size of organ, tissue or cell

-trophy

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

dysplasia

abnormal increase in number of normal cells in normal arrangement

hyperplasia

incomplete or less than normal development of organ, tissue or cell

hypoplasia

abnormal new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and faster than normal. usually forms a tumor

neoplasia

not recurring

benign

tending to spread and be life threatening

malignant

decrease in size or wasting of organ, cell, or tissue

atrophy

defective growth in size of organ, cell or tissue

dystrophy

increase in size of an organ cell or tissue

hypertrophy

secrete chemical substance into ducts that lead out the body. think sweat glands

exocrine glands

secrete chemical substances into bloodstream. think thyroid

endocrine glands

part of body that performs special function

organ

describe how teeth are arranged in the mouth

dental arcade

part of the tooth facing the tongue

lingual surface

tooth surface of maxilla (upper jaw) that faces the tongue

palatal surface

tooth surface touching the cheeks

buccal surface or vestibular surface

part of the teeth that meet when chewing

occlusal surfaces

tooth surface touching the lips

labial surface

aspects of teeth that touch other teeth. term is divided in mesial and distal

contact surfaces

contact surface closest to midline of dental arcade

mesial

contact surface farthest from midline of dental arcade

distal

the study of

-logy

the study of the body functions

physiology

study of the body structure

anatomy

study of causes and development of abnormal conditions

pathology

disease

path/o

nature

physi/o

the study of disease causes

etiology

means cause

eti/o

refers to the back

dorsal

the belly or underside

ventral

toward the head

cranial

toward the tail

caudal

front of the body

anterior

rear of the body

posterior

nose end of the head

rostral

pertaining to the head

cephalic

toward the midline

medial

away from the midline

lateral

uppermost, above or toward the head

superior

lowermost, below or toward the tail

inferior

nearest the midline or beginning of a structure

proximal

furthest from midline or beginning of a structure

distal

near the surface

superficial

away from the surface

deep

caudal surface of the manus (front paw)

palmar

caudal surface of the rear paw

plantar

plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves.

Midsagittal or median plane

divides the body in unequal left and right parts

Sagittal plane

divides the body into dorsal and ventral

Dorsal or frontal plane

divides the body into cranial and caudal

Transverse or horizontal plane

pain

-algia, -dynia

state or condition, as in hyperglycemia

-ia

action, process, state or condition

-ion

inflammation, as in gastritis

-itis

performs or tends toward

-ive

abnormal softening

-malacia

enlargement

-megaly

abnormal condition

-osis

disease

-pathy

abnormal hardening

-sclerosis

structure, as in pericardium (structure surrounding heart)

-um

thing, as in tarsus, the joint (thing) between tibia and fibula

-us

bursting forth

-rrhage

to suture

-rrhaphy

flow or discharge

-rrhea

to rupture

-rrhexis

surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas

-centesis

record of

-gram

the instrument that records

-graph

the procedure that records

-graphy

separation or breakdown

-lysis

instrument to visually examine

-scope