England and France

Fisc (Lat.Fiscus)

was originally King’s personal property

The fisc eventually became the entirety of the land

• as absolute monarchs formed the crown claimed all land, taxed it

• people’s land— people took care of it

Hereditary Kingship

before the 1000s kings were elected

now its the son of the king

• which means kingship doesnt repersent the people

  • it repersents power, the power which moved through the son and penis

Primogeniture

an inheritance system where the firstborn child, traditionally the eldest son, inherits the entire estate, titles, or leadership position

• commonly used to prevent land fragmentation and consolidate wealth.

Common Law

Law used to be oral, customary

the 13th century took a look back at Roman Law

• courts existed again, due process

  • moved the law a little away from religion

“Quod omnes tangit debet ab omnibus approbari”

“What touches all must be approved by all"

• repersentative law

  • if a law were to be touched by all it must the law must reach consensus and consent

1066

Norman Invasion of England

• normans were good fighters from Normandy who were French Speaking

• vikings by heritage

killed/exiled a lot of Anglo-saxons

• did not like the culture

reason for double words in english

• cow vs beef (beouf); chicken vs poultry (poulet)

Became the kings of england

• duke of normandy at the same time

  • vassal to the french king but more powerful than them at the same time

absolutist

• ruled via military

• king kept 20% of the land

  • had immense wealth

reaccuring challenges with keeping england

• controlled land of england and france

  • logisticals of maintaining a divided, sea seperated kingdom

  • rebellions

• fought the english church

• bad succession

  • sibling rivalry

  • not so good kingship

Domesday Book

A book with all the heads of England and their land

• no one was a lord except the king

domesday was the last say of land rights.

• domesday, the last judgment, static snapshot of a dynamic society

  • designed to end the uncontrolled chaotic land grabs by norman followers after 1066

was created by the normans to assess land and resources owned by the king

• including figure out taxes

Magna Carta 1215

King John was forced to write a “great” charter of rights

The oligarchy tried to limit the power of the king and subject him to the law

• Justice is more central now— king is under the law

law of the land

due process

parliment is born from magna carta

magna carter is not the constitution

• still a step towards bill of rights, etc

Ile de France

France was mainly owned by England who was controlled by normans

The real king of france (capetians) were stuck on the ile de france

• scared for his life to leave

powerful people of France in the time were there like

• duke of normandy or aquitaine

  • basically kings were overshadowed by their vassals

but one thing capetian rulers of france do well:

• always had a son to take control

• popes would turn to them because theure weak kings, created a understanding btwn them

  • lackced military power, financial resources, and administrative control to dominate independent fiefs

Oriflamme

Banner to carry into battle

had mystique and aura

Abbey of St. Denis

Build near normandy rather than France

where the oriflamme was kept

birthplace of gothic france

kings graveyard

Louis IX

Said to be saintly

• those qualities outlived him

Lived the life of Jesus on the throne

• jean de joinville told his life out

• told stories of how jesus likee st louis IX

  • washed feet

  • ate frugally

  • lowered taxes on poor

• could have been propaganda

died on crusade he went on

• miracles said to have sprouted from his body on the way back

Gothic

Capetians created the idea of France as a nation

chose gothic as the architectual style for france

• displayed the wealth, merchants, and thinkers in france

• walls were taller and thinner

france conquered france withitn to become france: the developing culture became france

• also used art

• coining

• architecture

churches were generational to complete

• some took100s of yrs (avg 30yrs)

• cathedrals