Decolonization and Globalization in the 20th Century

Flashcards reviewing key concepts of decolonization, international relations, and globalization as discussed in AP World History.

What key factors contributed to the decolonization of Asia and Africa between 1945 and 1960?

Weakness of European powers after World War II, realization that colonial possessions were not essential for stability, growth of nationalist movements.

What were the outcomes of the decolonization process?

Some countries achieved stability, while others faced dictatorships, civil wars, or protracted revolutions.

What was the role of the United States during decolonization?

The U.S. supported self-determination but had to balance its ties with European allies and concerns about communist expansion.

What is the significance of the Bandung Conference of 1955?

It led to the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement, where newly independent nations resisted superpower influence.

What major changes occurred in the United Nations between 1946 and 1970 due to decolonization?

UN membership grew from 35 to 127 states, many from the 'third world', advocating for self-governance.

How did India achieve independence from Britain?

Through sustained non-violent resistance led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi and influenced by global ideas of self-determination.

What was the impact of Gandhi's non-violent protests on the Indian independence movement?

Gandhi’s tactics mobilized mass support and reshaped public perception of resistance against British rule.

What was the outcome of the 1947 partition of India?

The partition created the separate state of Pakistan, leading to significant violence and mass displacement.

How did the Cold War influence decolonization in Africa?

Both the U.S. and Soviet Union sought influence in newly independent nations, complicating their political trajectories.

What are some challenges faced by modern African states post-independence?

Ethnic conflicts, military coups, economic struggles, and issues of governance.

What defines the concept of globalization?

The increase in interconnectedness of markets, leading to greater international trade and cultural exchange.

What are multinational corporations, and how do they relate to globalization?

Corporations that operate in multiple countries, facilitating job creation and technology transfer but also job loss in home countries.

What role did international organizations like the UN and IMF play in globalization?

They promote global cooperation, stability, economic growth, and human rights.

What were the primary issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

Dispute over land, statehood, and mutual recognition, exacerbated by historical and religious identities.

What was the significance of the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989?

It highlighted demands for political reform and was met with a government crackdown, leading to international condemnation.