Human Anatomy and Organ Systems Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards identify and define anatomical terms, structures, and organs described across the lecture notes, ranging from the digestive system to cranial anatomy.

Fundus (Stomach)

The upper, rounded part of the stomach located above the level of the cardiac opening.

Pylorus (sphincter)

The muscular valve that regulates the passage of food from the stomach into the pyloric canal and opening.

Cardiac notch

An indentation on the superior border of the stomach at the junction between the esophagus and the fundus.

Lesser omentum

A double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum.

Greater omentum

A large, apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach.

Falx cerebri

The large, sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that occupies the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres.

Arytenoid muscles

Muscles located in the larynx that help move the vocal cords.

Sphenoethmoidal recess

A small space in the nasal cavity located above and behind the superior nasal concha.

Bulla ethmoidalis

A prominent elevation in the middle meatus of the ethmoid bone containing the openings of the middle ethmoidal sinus.

Epiglottic vallecula

A depression (pit) between the epiglottis and the root of the tongue.

Carina of trachea

A cartilaginous ridge within the trachea that occurs between the division of the two main bronchi.

Azygos vein

A vein running up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column which drains the back and abdominal wall.

Lt recurrent laryngeal N.

A branch of the vagus nerve that loops under the aortic arch and supplies most of the laryngeal muscles.

Plica circularis

Large, permanent circular folds found in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, specifically prominent in the jejunum.

Vasa recta

Straight blood vessels found in the mesentery that supply the wall of the small intestine.

Peyer's patches

Aggregated lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum.

Appendices epiploicae

Small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon.

Taenia coli

Three separate longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the large intestine.

Mesoappendix

The mesentery of the appendix that attaches it to the terminal ileum.

Nucleus pulposus

The gelatinous inner core of an intervertebral disc (IVD).

Broad lig.

A wide fold of peritoneum that connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis.

Anococcygeal lig. Raphe

A fibrous median raphe extending between the anus and the coccyx.

Bare area of the liver

A large triangular area on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver where there is no peritoneal covering.

Caudate lobe

A small lobe on the posterior surface of the liver, situated between the IVC groove and the fissure for ligamentum venosum.

Lig. Teres (Ligamentum teres)

Also known as the round ligament of the liver, it is a remnant of the left umbilical vein.

Coeliac trunk

The first major branch of the abdominal aorta, supplying the stomach, liver, and spleen.

Gastroduodenal art.

An artery that arises from the common hepatic artery and supplies the stomach and duodenum.

Nuchal lig.

A ligamentous band at the back of the neck that attaches to the cervical vertebrae and the skull.

Pretracheal fascia

A layer of deep cervical fascia that encloses the trachea, esophagus, and thyroid gland.

Subcostalis

Muscle fibers that span several intercostal spaces in the lower thoracic wall.