Patho exam 4 quizes

Obstructive lung diseases are characterized by narrowing of the airways, resulting in airway obstruction that worsens with expiration.

True

When bronchospasm is not relieved by the usual measures, this is called status asthmaticus, and the situation is considered life-threatening.

True

All the following factors increases the risk of developing asthma EXCEPT?

A diet high in fat

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as sudden and unexplained death in young infants (under one year old).

True

All the following conditions are part of the restrictive lung diseases in adults EXCEPT?

Asthma

PDK1 gene mutation on chromosome 16 is the most common genetic mutation associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?

False

All the following conditions are common causes of glomerular disorders in children EXCEPT?

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Unilateral renal agenesis in children is often associated with the remaining kidney undergoing compensatory hypertrophy.

True

Which condition is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in children and is associated with palpable purpura, abdominal pain, and hematuria?

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis

Which pathologic process contributes most significantly to chronic kidney failure in children?

Structural anomalies of the renal system

All the following are clinical findings that may be observed in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) EXCEPT ONE?

Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting)

Which term describes the process by which the lungs return to their resting state after inspiration?

Elastic recoil

Which description of the pathogenesis of bronchitis is accurate?

characterized by airway inflammation

which term denotes a reduced PaO2?

hypoxemia

which term reflects an individuals “i have to sleep sitting up” report?

orthopnea

a person with which condition is most at risk for developing a pulmonary embolism?

Deep vein thrombosis in the femoral vein

which term describes the collapse of a previously inflated are of lung tissue?

Atelectasis

Which phenomenon reflects an individual with small cell lung cancer showing symptoms of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion?

Paraneoplastic syndrome

which term reflects an accumulation of fluid in a pleural space?

pleural effusion

which complications can arise from hyperventilation?

respiratory alkalosis

which clinical manifestations are typically associated with parietal pleura?

stabbing pain and pleural friction rub

which condition is characterized by a seal like barking cough?

croup

replacement of which substance is essential for premature low-birth weight infant with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?

surfactant

which structure is the functional unit of kidney?

nephron

which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow?

erythropoietin

which renal structure is the primary site for plasma filtration?

glomerulus

which structure allows the body to eliminate urine?

urethra

which laboratory result is expected to be in the medical record of an individual who has end-stage chronic renal disease?

increased serum creatinine

which clinical manifestation of protein loss is related to nephrotic syndrome?

edema

which assessment finding would support would support the diagnosis of kidney stone obstruction of the ureter?

renal colic

which finding is likely in a child admitted with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

throat infection

which term describes incontinece of urine while sleeping?

enuresis

which term denotes the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis of a 2 month old infant?

epispadias

which breathing pattern is observed in metabolic acidosis?

increased rate and increase depth

which acid-base imbalance is associated with decreased arterial pH and bicarbonate levels?

metabolic acidosis

which response by the renal buffering system in acid-base imbalance?

if metabolic alkalosis exists, the kidneys conserve H+ ions.