Western Civ 9H Industrialization

Agricultural Revolution effects

• More food production

• Less need for farm workers

• Population increases

• Agricultural workers move to city in search for employment

New Technology

• Seed drill

• cotton gin

• planting turnips (put nutrients back into soil)

• Selective breeding

Enclosure movement

Process of fencing off peasant land into private farms.

Importance of steam power

• James Watt replaces water power

• Factories could be built anywhere

• No longer need wind power/fast moving water

Negative effects of factory work

• Long hours

• low wages

• poor working conditions/ unsanitary

• Impure air

• Unsafe machines

• Child labor

Karl Mark

• Industrial Revolution abuses workers

• Bourgeoisie own the means of production: land, labor, capital

• Will not give or share it with the proletariat

• Only way for proletariat to get rights is by revolution.

Bourgeoisie

Factory owners

Proletariat

workers

Corporation

• Stocks

• Monopolies destroy competition

• Trusts fix prices so consumers pay more

• More efficient

Suffrage Movement

Women must have the right to vote

Equality to men and improved lives

More men also got the right to vote

Romantic poetry characterisitcs

• Uses simple wording

• Emphasized imagination, freedom, and emotion

• Romantic paintings focused on nature and emotion

• Rejected the Enlightenment emphasis on reason

• Mysterious Heroes, out of step with society

Romantics in Music

• Used drama to express deep feelings and national pride.

• Beethoven increased size and power to express emotions.

• Intensity to stir audiences.

Temperance Movement

• Ban alcohol

• Decrease domestic violence

• Reduce crime

• Help poor families whose fathers abuse alcohol.

• Improve workforce

Role of Upper-Class women and Upper middle class womne

Stay home

Take care of kids

Direct servants

Cult of Domesticity —> ideal women

Sadler Commission

• British Parliament commission that helped pass child labor laws.

• Interview children that were abused in the factories.

• Led to Factory Acts

Social Darwinism

Survival of the fittest was applied to economics and society

Encouraged imperialism and racism

Adam Smith

• Supply and demand

• Private property

• Laissez Faire economics

• Free Market capitalism

Realism

Everyday, ordinary people

Focused on social issues and struggles of middle and lower class

Very accurate, not idealistic

Thomas Malthus

• Population would grow faster than food supply.

• - Famine, war, and disease would naturally control population size.

Thomas Edision

Light bulb —> electricity to homes

Karl Benz

• German Engineer

• Built the first practical automobile

• Changed transportation

Identify what values shaped the new social order

• Cult of Domesticity: Stay home, take care of kids, husbands in charge.

• Middle class women must not be seen and not heard

How’d the IR improve the lives of ordinary people

• Political: Men got the right to vote, especially the working class

• Passed series of laws named The Factory Acts —> Increased the rights of workers, limited child labor, and improved working conditions.

• Increased Production and Lower prices

• Factories and Machines—> more affordable clothing, shoes, household items

• New Employment opportunities: Factories created new jobs.

• Moved people from rural areas to cities.

• Improved Transportation and Infrastructure: Steam engine and canals —> Facilitated faster and more efficient transportation of goods and people

• Electricity: Light bulbs/ railroads, automobiles, telegraph, telephones.

• Skyscrapers made of steel

• Rise of Middle class from the rise of trade and industry.

• Rise of new Upper Class: Factory owners, bank owners.

• Better helth because of more food/healthier babies/population growth.

• Education eleementary school education.

• New art and literature movements.

• Standard of living rises

• COmmunerisism

• Demand for women’s rights and suffrage

IR economic

• Increased production and lowered prices

• New employment opportunities in factories and mines

• Factories and machines —>more affordable clothes, shoes, and household items.

IR political

• Expansion of voting votes for working class men and women

• Factory Acts improved working conditions

IR social

• People moved to cities from rural areas

• Middle Class and New Upper Class (factory owners, banker owners)

• Education improved

• Standard of living rised

IR technology

• Improved Transportation and Infrastructure: Steam engine and canals —> Facilitated faster and more efficient transportation of goods and people

• Electricity: Light bulbs

• Transportation: Railroads, automobiles

• Telegraph and telephones —> easier communication

• Skyscrapers made of steel

New movement in art and literature

Romanticism: Emphasized imagination, freedom, and emotion.

rejected Enlightenment reason

Impressionism: Quick brushstrokes, bright colors, outdoor scenes