The Language of Medicine Chapter 9

bulbourethral glands

pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra, aka cowper glands

ejaculation

ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra

ejaculatory duct

tube through which semen enters the male urethra

Epididymis

One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens.

erectile dysfunction

inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence

Flagellum

hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile

fraternal twins

two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

glans penis

sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to clitoris in females

identical twins

two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos

interstitial cells of the testes

Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig cells.

parenchymal tissue

Essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal.

penis

male external organ of reproduction

perineum

external region between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva and anus in a female

prepuce

foreskin

prostate gland

exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder. The prostate secretes one of the fluid parts of semen.

scrotum

External sac that contains the testes

semen

spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from the urethra during ejaculation

seminal vesicles

paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens

seminiferous tubules

Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes., they are the parenchymal cells of the testes and the interstitial cells make testosterone

spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)

sperm cell

Sterilization

procedure that removes an individual's ability to produce or release reproductive cells

stromal tissue

supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma

testis

male gonad that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone

testosterone

hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics

vas deferens

narrow tube carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra

andr/o

male

balan/o

glans penis

cry/o

cold

crypt/o

hidden

epididym/o

epididymis

gon/o

seed

hydr/o

water, fluid

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testis, testicle

pen/o

penis

prostat/o

prostate gland

semin/i

semen, seed

sperm/o, spermat/o

spermatozoa, semen

terat/o

monster

test/o

testis, testicle

varic/o

varicose veins

vas/o

vessel, duct

zo/o

animal life

-genesis

formation

-one

hormone

-pexy

surgical fixation

-stomy

new opening

carcinoma of the testes

malignant tumor of the testicles

cryptochidism or cryptochism

undescended testes

hydrocele

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord

varicocele

enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland, fix w a TURP either laser or greenlight PVP

carcinoma of the prostate

malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland, DRE or digital rectal examination can detect it at a later stage. but earlier detection depends on PSA or prostate specific antigen.

hypospadias

congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

phimosis

narrowing of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

chlamydial infection

bacterial invasion (by Chlamydia trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract

Gonorrhea

inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci

herpes genitalis

infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), fluid filled blisters and ulcers .

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus

syphilis

chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium)

PSA test

measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood

semen analysis

microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid

castration

surgical excision of testicles or ovaries

circumcision

surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis

digital rectal examination (DRE)

finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP)

removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser.

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra

vasectomy

bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

spermatogenesis

Formation of sperm

androgen

Male sex hormone, testosterone is one

balantitis

inflammation of the glans penis

cryogenic surgery

Use of extremely cold temperatures to freeze or destroy tissue.

cryptorchidism

undescended testicles

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by a gonococcus bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, burning pain when urinating, and a discharge

orchiectomy

removal of the testes

orchitis

inflammation of the testes

penoscrotal

pertaining to the penis and scrotum

penile

pertaining to the penis

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland

prostatectomy

excision of the prostate gland

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland

prostatectomy

excision of the prostate gland

RALP

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy

spermolytic

pertaining to destruction of sperm

oligospermia

low sperm count

aspermia

inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm

teratoma

neoplasm of a testis or ovary containing multiple tissues from other sites in the body, monster tumor in testes or ovaries

testicular

pertaining to the testes

azoospermia

absence of sperm in the semen

aspermia

no semen at all

orchiopexy

surgical fixation of a testicle

vasovasostomy

reversal of a vasectomy

seminoma

most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells; highly treatable with early detection

embryonal carcinoma

malignant tumor of the testes

choriocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of the chorion

yolk sac tumor

Cancer that is of germ cell origin

Testicle

peyronie disease

a hardness, or induration, of the erectile tissue within the penis

purulent

containing pus

HPV causes

genital warts