Intro to Criminal Justice Final

What is prison privatization?

A corporation enters a government contract to make money off of prisons.

Tribal Courts

Judicial systems established and operated by Native American tribes

Cons of Solitary confinement

Within three days, hallucinations, panic attacks, other psychological symptoms.

Prison education programs include…

GED, College degree programs, and Adult basic education

School to prison pipeline

Zero tolerance policies and punitive punishments (suspension, expulsion, etc.) Finland students out of school and into prisons; biased to students of color and those with disabilities.

Negative impacts of incarceration on children and spouses

Children: increased risk of depression, behavioral issues, lower academic success, more likely to be incarcerated in the future

Spouses: Economic hardship, relationship strain (divorce rates go up), and mental strain

Bail

Something (usually money) used as collateral to ensure return to court/trial

Bond

Loan to pay bail

Bondsman

Person/company who loans bail money; takes 10-15% cut as payment

Retribution

Backwards-looking philosophy, ensure punishments are proportionate to severity of crime; eye for an eye “tough on crime” mentality

General Deterence

Aims to discourage public from committing crimes by showing consequences

Specific deterrence

Aims to deter a specific individual from re-offending.

Ban the box

Movement to make it so jobs cannot ask for criminal history

Immigration law vs criminal law key difference

No right to an attorney in immigration law

Recidivism

Relapse into criminal behavior after attempt at rehabilitation

Probation

Sentence, remain in community under supervision rather than going to jail

Parole

Getting out of prison early for good behavior, but remaining under community supervision

Average felony/federal bail amount

$10,000

Indictment

Provides basic information to the defendant about their charges

Mens rea

Guilty mind/intention to commit crime

Treatment courts

Divert people from prison to help them rehabilitate, applies to drug charges and mental health issues

Restorative Justice

Focuses on repairing harm and holding offenders accountable rather than punishing them

Expedited Removal

Referring to immigration- removal within hours or days, no trial

First Juvenile justice Facility

America

Critique of current Juvenile facilities

The way they are set up means those who go are more likely to be arrested again

Tans-institutionalization of mental illness

The shift from having facilities for those with mental illnesses to placing them in prisons or other more restrictive less treatment focused places.

Asylum Seekers

Someone who immigrates to a country for protection and applies for a visa/citizenship after they are in the country

How long do mother who give birth in prison spend with their babies

24 hours or less

Victim Precipitation

The idea that the victim laced a role in their victimization in some way

What percentage of people in prison have a diagnosed mental illness?

37%

What percentage of those incarcerated have a drug abuse problem or are incarcerated due to drug charges?

85%

Rule of four

For anything to happen in he Supreme Court 4/9 of the justices must agree

Parents Patriae

Legal doctrine stating that the government has the ultimate authority and responsibility for children

Characteristics of restorative justice include…

• crime is violation of people and relationships

• The primary focus of justice is to assist victims

• All Una being have dignity and worth

Disposition

Juvenile delinquents are given this instead of a sentence

Delinquent

What youths re considered rather than criminal or guilty

Consequence of the idea of a youth super predator

Lowering the age youth could be tried as adults

What is ITP

Incompetent (incapable) to proceed to trial

What is the name of the gang in the documentary, The Gang Crackdown

MS-13

What is the ideal juvenile justice facility?

A small, local facility where staff can form healthy, individualized relationships with youth

What does “reentry” refer to?

When an offender returns to society after being incarcerated

Common criticism of community corrections

They may not provide proper supervision for all

Purpose of community corrections

Provide alternatives to incarceration while maintaining supervision

Arraignment

When the defendant pleads guilty or not guilty

Character witness

Someone who knows someone involved in the case and testifies on their behalf

Expert witness

Someone educated in a specific area, testifies only in that area

Lay witness

Person who watched certain events and describes what they saw

What is the most commonly used witness

Lay witness

Why would a motion to suppress be filed

To keep evidence from being introduced

What is the trial penalty, discussed in The Vanishing Trial

Defendants receive a harsher sentence after declining a plea deal and going to trial

Principle of orality

Requires tat the judge or jury not consider evidence developed, presented, and received into the record during the trial

Voir Dire

The process of selecting a fair jury