COMP TIA PT 5

LAN

local area network

is a group of computers connected by cabling and one or more network switches that are installed at a single geographical location

Local Area Network

LAN might span…

a floor in a building, campus, whole building, or multiple nearby buildings

Any network where the nodes are within about … to … km is considered as “local”

1 - 2

LAN cabling and devices are typically owned and managed by the

organization that uses the network

Most cabled LANs are based on … standards maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Ethernet

The IEEE 802.3 standards are designated xBASE-Y where x is the … and Y is the …

1. nominal data rate

2. cable type

100BASE-T

Ethernet over copper twisted pair cables. Ethernet works at 100 Mbps

1000BASE-T

Gigabit Ethernet over copper cabling, 1000 mbps or 1 Gbps / also the mainstream choice of standard for most LANs

10GBASE-T

Copper cabling standard working at 10 Gbps

Majority of LANs use … cabling

Copper

Copper Cabling

uses electrical signaling to communicate data

WAN

Wide Area Network

WANs span over

multiple geographic locations

One example of a WAN is …

The internet, a global network of networks

A company dedicated to facilitating access to the Internet from local networks is called an …

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Most private or enterprise WANs use cabling and equipment leased from an … to interconnect two or more LAN sites

ISP

WLAN

Wireless Local Area Network

WLANs use …

Radios and antennas for data transmission and reception

Most WLANs are based on the IEEE … series of standards, also known as it’s brand name …

802.11, WiFi

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network

specific network type covering an area equivalent to a city or other municipality

MAN is a

… will be larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN

MAN

PAN

Personal Area Network

refers to using wireless connectivity to connect a device at a range of a few meters

Personal Area Network (PAN)

A … can be used to share data between a PC and mobile devices and wearable tech

PAN

Most common PAN devices

Bluetooth earbuds and smartwatches

A … refers to a specialized network that is dedicated to storage devices. Server can connect to the storage devices as if they are directly attached.

Storage Area Network (SAN)

Key characteristics of a SAN

• Dedicated Network - The SAN must be attached to a dedicated network that is independent of the LAN. This ensures that the SAN traffic does not interfere with other network operations.

• Block-Level Access - Data sent across the SAN is transferred in raw chunks of data with no file system structure called blocks. This allows for efficient data transfers and flexible storage management options.

• Consolidated Storage - Multiple types of storage, such as RAID arrays and tape drives, are joined together in the SAN, which sets up centralized storage resources for servers.

• High Speed - SANs will typically utilize high-speed connections such as Fibre Channel or Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) for data transfer.

A … LAN is a small area network, possibly using a centralized server, in addition to client devices and printers, but often using a single networking appliance to provide LAN and internet connectivity

Small office/home office (SOHO)

… are typically designed to support small number of users

SOHO networks

A company with a higher server requirements might operate a …

Datacenter

A … is a whole site that is dedicated to providing server resources. Has dedicated networking, power, climate control, and physical access control features all designed to provide a highly available environment for running critical applications

Datacenter

Ethernet communications are established by either electrical signaling over copper twisted pair cable or pulses of light transmitted over fiber optic cable. The physical connection to the cable is made using a transceiver port in the computer's

Network Interface Card (NIC)

You might use a NIC adapter card to support other types of Ethernet, such as

Fiber Optic

Each Ethernet NIC port has a unique physical/hardware address, called the …

Media Access Control (MAC) address

A MAC address consists of … digits, making it six bytes in size

48 binary digits

A MAC address is typically represented as 12 digits of ,,,

hexadecimal

hexadecimal is

a numbering system often used to represent network address of different types

A MAC address is broken into two distinct parts:

• The first 24 bits are known as the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). This identifies the manufacturer of the NIC.

• The last 24 bits are known as the Network Interface Controller (NIC) Specific. This is a unique identifier for each NIC.

Patch Panel

Type of distribution frame used with twisted pair cabling with IDCs to terminate fixed cabling on one side and modular jacks to make cross-connections to other equipment on the other. Also called a patch bay.

Switches

Ethernet … are used to connect multiple devices inside of a network together

When a … is connected to the switch, it adds the device’s MAC address to a table and keeps track of which port it is connected to

Device

An … switch performs its function without requiring any sort of configuration

unmanaged switch

Common unmanged switched will have …-… ports, as they are typically used in small networks

4-8

switches designed for larger LANs are called a

managed switch

A managed switch will work as an unmanaged switch …, but an admin can connect to it over a management port to configure security settings, then choose options for the switch’s more advanced functionality

out-of-the-box

An enterprise might also use …

Modular switches

Modular switches provide…

power supply and fast communications backplane to interconnect multiple switch units

Power over Ethernet

is a means of supplying electrical power from a switch port over ordinary data cabling to a powered device, such as a voice over IP (VOIP) handset, camera, or wireless access point

PoE Power over Ethernet is defined in several IEEE standards :

• 802.3af (Type 1 PoE or 2-pair PoE) allows powered devices to draw up to about 13 W. Power is supplied as 350mA@48V and limited to 15.4 W, but the voltage drop over the maximum 100m (328 feet) of cable results in usable power of around 13 W. Basic devices such as a VoIP handset, basic wireless access points, and basic security cameras will use this standard.

• 802.3at (PoE+ or Type 2 PoE) allows powered devices to draw up to about 25 W, with a maximum current of 600 mA. Devices that require more power, such as advanced wireless access points, pan-tilt-zoom security cameras, and video IP phones, will use this standard.

• 802.3bt (PoE++, Type 3 and Type 4 PoE, 4PPoE) supplies up to about 51 W (Type 3) or 73 W (Type 4) usable power. Devices such as LED lighting, digital signage, point-of-sale systems, and other high-power devices will use this standard.

A PoE switch is referred to as end-span power sourcing equipment (PSE).