AA Final Exam SG

Albany Movement

• piggyback off the many civil rights movements there (mlk)

• police chief allowed it to avoid violence being broadcasted in the news

• After a year ( 1962) the movement disappeared as there was no traction

• mlk chose a more violent destination to get his message across

Birmingham Protest (1963)***

“Most segregated city in America”

• Eugene Bull Conner

Baton Rouge Bus Boycott

TJ Jemison would see buses with AA all in the back sometimes with no white riders

• Rises in bus fare leads to boycott because there are no additional seats being added

• would last approxiamately 1 week (carpooling would ensue)

• would end with added seats and no boost in bus fare

• end result would be mass influence of nonviolence protest

Montgomery Bus Boycott****

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Passed by Eisenhower to get AA to vote for him and it would make it easier for AA to register to vote (no filibuster)

Eventually was thrown into criminal justice system and did some voter redress that helped nobody which would be fewer registered AA than before***

Civil Rights Act of 1964

In a nationally televised address on June 6, 1963, President John F. Kennedy urged the nation to take action toward guaranteeing equal treatment of every American regardless of race. (didn’t do it)

President Lyndon Johnson signed it into law just a few hours after it was passed by Congress on July 2, 1964.

The act outlawed segregation in businesses such as theaters, restaurants, and hotels. It banned discriminatory practices in employment and ended segregation in public places such as swimming pools, libraries, and public schools.

Voting Rights Act of 1965***

Applied to places with much voting (anyone with 6th grade education is considered literate) Growth of Aa voters

Brown v. Board of Education

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg

United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools. The Court held that busing was an appropriate remedy for the problem of racial imbalance in schools

• ended with a lot of white flight away from integrated schools and make it segregated again

Regents of the University of CA v. Allen Bakke

landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that involved a dispute over whether preferential treatment for minorities could reduce educational opportunities for whites without violating the Constitution. Allen is a white man scared of minorities

A.Z. Young

President of the historic Bogalusa Civic and Voters League (The League), a noted Civil Rights Leader, Luminary & Icon, led the historic 1967 nine day Civil Rights March from Bogalusa to Baton Rouge Protected by the Louisiana State Police referred to as the 105-Mile Gauntle

Wallace Fard

the mysterious founder of the Nation of Islam (NOI) in 1930, disappeared without a trace in 1934

T.J. Jemison

Black Church Leader in BR would see buses of AA which would influence the BR bus boycott and his main goal was not to deconstruct segregation

• main goal was to peaceful protest and change bus situation

Elijah Muhammad

was the influential and controversial leader of the Nation of Islam (NOI) from 1934 to 1975, promoting Black nationalism, self-reliance, and racial separation. He transformed the NOI into a powerful organization focused on economic empowerment and religious discipline, mentoring figures like Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali

Orval Faubus

governor of Arkansas and noticably happened to stop the integration of the little rock

• calls national guard to stop integration for Central High school with 9 AA students

• Eisenhower would then send 1,000 paratroopers to enforce the integration

Sit-In movement

Students in core in Wood Worth is the first one to take place/ gain notireity and it stemmed from going into the woodworth department store and sitting in the all white section to which began to pick up wind once it violence ensued and they would make public headlines and this would influence people like MLK for nonviolence protest

Dixiecrats

Southern Strategist ran by Strom Thurmond and becomes compeition to Truman which meant to lose the South

Massive Resistance

a coordinated 1950s strategy by white Southern politicians and citizens to block public school desegregation following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. Led by Sen. Harry F. Byrd

assess the different approaches and strategies employed to secure greater rights and freedoms for African Americans from the Great Depression to the present.

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