UNIT 5: Revolutions - HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the Enlightenment and Revolutionary contexts, preparing students for their exams.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement that applied new ways of understanding the natural and human world, using rationalist and empiricist approaches.

Natural Rights

Rights that all humans are born with, emphasized by Enlightenment thinkers.

Social Contract

The concept that encourages people to overthrow a tyrannical government, suggesting the legitimacy of a government's authority depends on a contract with its citizens.

Popular Sovereignty

The belief that the power to rule should belong to the people, a key idea in Enlightenment thought.

Democracy

A government system where all people can participate.

Liberalism

An ideology emphasizing the protection of civil rights, representative government, protection of private property, and free-market trade.

Nationalism

A sense of commonality among people based on shared language, culture, or customs, often linked to aspirations for self-governance.

Feminist Movement

A movement that began advocating for women's suffrage and equality, highlighted by activists like Olympe de Gouges.

American Revolution

A revolution sparked by discontent with British rule, leading to the establishment of a democratic-republic.

Haitian Revolution

The successful uprising of enslaved people in Haiti against French colonial rule, resulting in the first black government in the western hemisphere.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization that transformed production processes, labor specialization, and economic structures.

Transnational Business

A company established in one country but with operations controlled in others, exemplified by the Dutch East India Company.

Marxism

A theory developed by Karl Marx advocating for the working class to rise against the bourgeoisie, aiming for a classless society.

Tanzimat Reforms

A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that aimed at modernization and adoption of Western-style governance and infrastructure.