National Studies - Southern Rhodesia and Zimbabwean History Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering African history, the rise of nationalism in Southern Rhodesia, post-independence achievements, national symbols, the land reform process, and the structures of the Zimbabwean government.

According to the lecture notes, what were some factors that led to the rise of nationalism in Southern Rhodesia between $1898$ and $1965$?

Loss of sovereignty, the Industrial Conciliation Act ($1934$) which reserved skilled jobs for whites, Pass laws, lack of voting rights, and educational bottlenecks such as group A and group B schools.

Identify three colonial legislative acts that marginalized Africans in Rhodesia.

The Master and Servants Act ($1901$), the Maize Control Act ($1934$), and the Land Husbandry Act ($1954$).

What were the positive social results of the partition and colonization of Africa?

The spread of Christianity and education, introduction of new farming methods, construction of roads and railways, and the establishment of hospitals and clinics.

What are the social achievements of the Zimbabwean government between $1980$ and $1990$ regarding education?

Reconstruction of schools destroyed during the war, building new schools, expansion of technical and teacher training, and the introduction of ZINTEC programs to alleviate teacher shortages.

What did the Legal age of Majority Act establish?

It set the legal age of majority at $18$ years, allowing for voting and independent decisions.

What does the color green represent on the Zimbabwean national flag?

The country's agriculture and vegetation (flora and fauna).

On the Zimbabwean flag, what is the significance of the red star and the white color?

The red star represents the country's socialist ideas, and the white represents peace and reconciliation.

Who wrote the National Anthem of Zimbabwe?

Professor Solomon Mutsvariro of the University of Zimbabwe.

Define the 'Third Chimurenga' as described in the notes.

The struggle by the people of Zimbabwe to regain possession of the means of production, specifically land that had been in the hands of white settlers for more than $100$ years.

What was the 'willing seller, willing buyer' clause in the Lancaster House Agreement?

A clause that controlled the legislative competency and sovereignty of the new state regarding land acquisition, which was not meaningfully implemented by Britain.

Identify the five categories of civic responsibilities mentioned in the text.

Disease and health management, Disaster management, Defending the nation, Economic responsibilities, and Political civic responsibilities.

What are the negative impacts of NGOs in Zimbabwe based on the lecture?

Sponsoring opposition parties, representing the interests of their mother countries, dumping outdated technology, testing drugs on people, and encouraging a dependency syndrome.

What are the functions of the media in Zimbabwe?

To inform, educate, entertain, socialize, shape public opinion, set the agenda, act as a link between government and people, and perform a surveillance/watchdog function.

List the steps of colonization in Zimbabwe in chronological order.

Step 1: Berlin conference ($1884$); Step 2: Grobler Treaty ($1887$); Step 3: Moffat Treaty ($1888$); Step 4: Rudd Concession ($30$ October $1888$); Step 5: Pioneer Column ($1890$); and Step 6: The Anglo-Ndebele war.

What were the terms of the Rudd Concession of $30$ October $1888$?

Lobengula gave the British exclusive rights over all metals and minerals; in return, the British promised £$100$ per month, $1000$ rifles, $100000$ rounds of ammunition, and a gunboat to patrol the Zambezi.

How did the Land Apportionment Act of $1930$ disadvantage Africans?

It legalized the displacement of Africans to infertile, hot, and tsetse fly-infested regions ($28.6$ million acres) while giving prime land to few whites ($4.9$ million acres).

In the law-making process of Zimbabwe, what happens during the 'Second Reading' stage?

The sponsoring minister makes a speech outlining the purpose and principles of the bill, followed by a debate on these principles and the presentation of a report by the relevant Parliamentary Portfolio Committee (PPC).

What is the function of the Parliamentary Legal Committee (PLC) in the law-making process?

To examine all bills and statutory instruments to determine if they conform with the Bill of Rights and other provisions of the constitution.

What are the 'Three Cs' of International Relations?

Conflict, Competition, and Cooperation.

Which Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are discussed in the evaluation of Zimbabwe's progress?

Goal $1$: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; Goal $2$: Achieve universal primary education; Goal $3$: Promote Gender equality and empower women; Goal $4$: Reduce Child mortality Rates; Goal $5$: Improve maternal health; Goal $6$: Combat HIV/AIDS and malaria; Goal $7$: Ensure environmental sustainability; and Goal $8$: Develop a global partnership.

What is the doctrine of Separation of Powers in the Zimbabwean context?

The division of government into three branches: the Legislature (makes laws), the Executive (implements laws), and the Judiciary (interprets the law), to ensure checks and balances.

What does the abbreviation ZIDERA stand for?

Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act.

What was the 'Victoria incident' mentioned in the context of the Anglo-Ndebele war?

One of the causes of the war that eventually led to the annihilation of the Ndebele and the complete colonization of Zimbabwe.