Social Studies and Multicultural Counseling Final Review

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers concepts related to racial trauma, spiritual acculturation, biracial identity models, gender and sex definitions, male socialization scripts, coping mechanisms, and religious assessments based on the lecture notes.

Segregation Stress Syndrome

Cumulative experiences with racially traumatic events that cause long-lasting psychological consequences for African-Americans as individuals, families, and communities.

Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome (PTSS)

Theorizes a condition that occurs when a group of people has experienced multigenerational trauma from past centuries of psychological and enslavement, then continues to experience more oppression through institutionalized racism in the present.

Racial Battle Fatigue (RBF)

The cumulative result of a natural race-related stress response to distressing mental and emotional conditions.

Traditional (Level of Spiritual Acculturation)

An individual who may or may not speak English, but thinks in their Native Language.

Marginal (Level of Spiritual Acculturation)

An individual who may speak both English and the Native Language and may or may not fully accept the cultural practices.

Bicultural (Level of Spiritual Acculturation)

An individual accepted by dominant culture and tribal society simultaneously, able to know and accept both mainstream values and traditional values of their tribe.

Assimilated (Level of Spiritual Acculturation)

An individual accepted by dominant culture who endorses and practices only mainstream beliefs.

Pantraditional (Level of Spiritual Acculturation)

Assimilated Native Americans who have chosen to return to their traditional beliefs, values, and practices; they are generally accepted by Mainstream Culture but are seeking to embrace the previously held traditions.

Race

A social construct resulting from social and historical processes that tends to construct groups into opposing binaries.

Multicultural

Holding two or more racial identities based on your own biological ancestor's identities.

Personal Identity (Poston's Stage 1)

An individual's sense of self is based on personality constructs identified within family.

Choice of Group Categorization (Poston's Stage 2)

Individuals are pressured by societal and situational contexts to identify an ethnic heritage.

Enmeshment/Denial (Poston's Stage 3)

Individuals face negative emotional and psychosocial consequences as a result of identity categorization.

Appreciation (Poston's Stage 4)

Individuals are primed and positioned to explore the historical and cultural meanings of their backgrounds.

Integration (Poston's Stage 5)

A sense of wholeness is developed as multiracial individuals integrate their identities.

Prejudice

An unjustified, typically negative attitude, opinion, or feeling formed against an individual or group before having full knowledge.

Discrimination

Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people on the grounds of their characteristics.

Oppression

When an agent group, whether knowingly or unknowingly, abuses a target group by institutional/systemic discrimination, personal biases, bigotry, and social prejudice.

Cultural Humility

A lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique.

Transgender

A term used for people whose gender identity and/or expression is different from cultural expectations based on sex.

Binary

A system in which gender is constructed into two strict categories of female or male.

Misgender

The act of referring to someone or using the wrong pronouns.

Assigned Male at Birth

Born a male with $XY$ chromosomes.

Assigned Female at Birth

Born a female with $XX$ chromosomes.

Sex

Refers to biological characteristics distinguishing male or female.

Gender

Emphasizes that social learning and social context are important influences on identity.

Cisgender

Refers to individuals whose gender identity and/or expression matches the sex they were assigned at birth.

Nonbinary

Refers to gender-conforming people who may not identify with the female/binary system of gender categorization.

Gender Identity

Describes one's unique, deeply understood internal sense of gender.

Sexism

The belief that the status of women is inferior to the status of men.

Intersectionality

A feminist theory regarding how interrelated categories help define a person's identity and status.

Power Analysis

Understanding and acknowledging that power matters in relationships and the larger culture context.

Gender Disparities

Issues that persist through systemic stereotypes, unequal care burdens, and underrepresentation in leadership.

Gender Role Analysis

The process of increasing a client's awareness of how various role expectations affect their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Strong + Silent Script

A script for male socialization suggesting that appropriate masculinity is evidenced by restricted emotionality.

Tough Guy Script

Internalized and accepted messages suggesting that acceptable masculine performance is the ability to project fearlessness and invulnerability.

Give em' Hell Script

A socialization script that reinforces that aggression is the best strategy for boys and men to manage uncomfortable feelings.

Playboy Script

Socially constructed masculine performance evidenced by hypersexual behavior and the encouragement of risky relations.

Isolated Coping

Occurs when people choose to cope inwardly with their stress and manage it independently.

Engaged Coping

When individuals cope through outward behaviors such as putting more energy into social interactions, relationships, hobbies, or fighting.

Religious Coping

The way in which individuals use their beliefs and values when trying to manage a life event or crisis.

Brief RCOPE

A widely used structured assessment that measures both positive and negative religious coping strategies.

Positive Religious Coping

A strategy where the individual seeks closeness to the deity.

Negative Religious Coping

Rooted in religious beliefs but psychologically counterproductive, such as feeling that a life event is God's punishment.

Religion

An organized, communal system of beliefs, rituals, and doctrines where a group collectively shares beliefs about divinity.

Spirituality

A personal search for meaning, purpose, and connection to something greater than oneself, emphasizing inner experience and consciousness.

Theology

One's thoughts about their divine and/or higher power.

MENA

Middle Eastern/North African marginalized and oppressed communities.

Shahfaith and Salah

Concepts identified within the pillars of Islam representing faith and prayer.

Congenital

Conditions, traits, or anomalies present at or before birth resulting from genetics, environmental exposures, or unknown causes.

Acquired

A disease, impairment, or trait that develops after birth.

Invisible to Others

Conditions not seen by the naked eye that could be acquired, congenital, or psychological.