Reproductive system 1 (male)

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Male Reproductive Organs

Last updated 11:59 PM on 4/29/26
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10 Terms

1
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What are the functions of the reproductive system?

  • Production of gametes

  • Fertilization

  • Development and nourishment of a new individual

  • Production of reproductive hormones

2
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What is the role of meiosis in gamete formation?

Meiosis is a special type of cell division that leads to the formation of haploid gametes (sperm in males, oocytes in females), each containing 23 chromosomes (half the normal number).

3
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How does the scrotum regulate testicular temperature?

The scrotum keeps the testes outside the body cavity. Muscles (cremaster and dartos) alter how near or far the testes are from the body wall, allowing spermatogenesis to occur at a lower temperature.

<p>The scrotum keeps the testes outside the body cavity. Muscles (<span style="color: yellow;">cremaster</span> and <span style="color: yellow;">dartos</span>) alter how near or far the testes are from the body wall, allowing <span style="color: red;">spermatogenesis </span>to occur at a lower temperature.</p>
4
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What are the main structures and cell types inside the testes?

  • Seminiferous tubules – produce sperm

  • Interstitial cells – secrete testosterone

  • Germ cells (spermatogonia) – cells that sperm arise from

  • Sustentacular cells – nourish germ cells and produce hormones

<ul><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><span style="color: yellow;"><strong>Seminiferous tubules</strong> </span>– produce sperm</p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><span style="color: yellow;"><strong>Interstitial cells</strong> </span>– secrete testosterone</p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><span style="color: yellow;"><strong>Germ cells (spermatogonia)</strong></span> – cells that sperm <span style="color: red;">arise </span>from</p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><span style="color: yellow;"><strong>Sustentacular cells</strong> </span>– nourish germ cells and <span style="color: red;">produce hormones</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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What are the structures of the penis?

  • Corpus cavernosum

  • Corpus spongiosum

  • Spongy urethra

  • Glans – distal cap of the penis

  • External urethral orifice – opening to the exterior

<ul><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><strong>Corpus cavernosum</strong></p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><strong>Corpus spongiosum</strong></p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><strong>Spongy urethra</strong></p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><strong>Glans</strong> – distal cap of the penis</p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><strong>External urethral orifice</strong> – <span style="color: yellow;">opening </span>to the exterior</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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What are the functions of the accessory glands?

  • Seminal vesicles – secrete 60% of seminal fluid

  • Prostate gland – secretes 30% of seminal fluid; surrounds urethra

  • Bulbourethral glands – secrete 5% of seminal fluid; neutralize acidity of male urethra

<ul><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><strong>Seminal vesicles</strong> – secrete 60% of seminal fluid</p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><strong>Prostate gland</strong> – secretes 30% of seminal fluid; surrounds urethra</p></li><li><p class="ds-markdown-paragraph"><strong>Bulbourethral glands</strong> – secrete 5% of seminal fluid; neutralize acidity of male urethra</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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What is the function of GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), and FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) in males?

  • GnRH (hypothalamus) – stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

  • LH (anterior pituitary) – stimulates testosterone secretion from interstitial cells

  • FSH (anterior pituitary) – prompts spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules

8
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What is the main male hormone and where is it produced?

Testosterone, secreted by interstitial cells in the testes.

<p><span>Testosterone, secreted by interstitial cells in the testes.</span></p>
9
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What happens during male puberty?

  • Begins at 12–14, ends around 18

  • Testosterone is the major hormone

  • Secondary sexual characteristics develop: skin texture changes, fat redistribution, hair growth, skeletal muscle growth, larynx changes (voice deepens)

  • Irreversible changes in body shape and voice

10
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What are the three main events of the male sexual act?

  1. Erection – Parasympathetic nerves dilate arteries to erectile tissue; blood fills tissue and compresses veins

  2. Emission – Movement of sperm and seminal fluids into urethra

  3. Ejaculation – Sympathetic nerves cause smooth muscle contraction in urethra and skeletal muscles at base of penis to expel secretions