BIOG 1440 Lecture 21 Movement

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Last updated 8:50 PM on 4/21/26
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6 Terms

1
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Hydrostatic skeleton

Fluid-filled compartments

Coelom

No joints

Antagonistic circular and longitudinal muscles

Examples: Worms and cephalopods

2
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Circular muscles

Span the diameter

When they contract:

The segment elongates

The diameter decreases

3
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Longitudinal muscles

Span the length of the organism

When they contract

The segment shrinks

The diameter increases

4
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Antagonistic muscles

When one contracts, the other relaxes

5
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External skeleton (exoskeleton)

Hard encasement covering the outer surface

Flexible membranes at joints

Antagonist muscles span joints and attach to stiff exoskeletons

Example: Arthropods

6
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Internal skeleton (endoskeleton)

Hard mineralized structures within soft tissues

Flexible joints held by ligaments

Antagonistic muscles span joints and attach to hard structures

Example: Chordates