Med Ethics - Contraception & Later Abortion

What is the primary mechanism of Emergency Contraception (Plan B)?

Delays or inhibits ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to block sperm passage.

What active ingredient is found in Emergency Contraception (Plan B)?

Levonorgestrel (synthetic progesterone).

What is the effectiveness of Plan B within 24 hours?

95% effective.

What is the legal and medical definition of pregnancy?

Pregnancy is defined as starting at implantation, not fertilization.

What are the two drugs used in Medication Abortion?

Mifepristone (RU-486) and Misoprostol.

What does Mifepristone do in the abortion process?

Blocks progesterone, causing the uterine lining to break down and the embryo to detach.

What is the role of Misoprostol in Medication Abortion?

Induces uterine contractions to expel the contents.

What significant change occurred in 2013 regarding Plan B's availability?

Judge Edward Korman ordered the FDA to make Plan B available OTC for all ages.

What was established in Roe v. Wade (1973)?

A right to abortion based on the 14th Amendment's Right to Privacy.

What standard replaced the trimester framework in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)?

The 'Undue Burden' standard.

What did Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014) rule regarding corporations?

Closely held for-profit corporations can be exempt from laws that violate their owners' religious beliefs.

What are the three moral status positions regarding fetal personhood?

Conservative (personhood at conception), Liberal (psychological traits needed), Moderate (gradient moral status).

What does Utilitarianism focus on in the context of abortion?

The consequences and potential suffering of an unwanted child or family.

What is the focus of Kantian Ethics (Deontology) regarding abortion?

Duties and the moral obligation to protect the fetus if it is considered a 'person.'

What does Virtue Ethics consider in the abortion debate?

The character and motivations behind the decision rather than just legality.

What conflict does the case of Monique Marquesa represent?

The conflict of 'Conscience Clauses' regarding a professional's right to refuse service.

What are TRAP laws?

Regulations designed to make it difficult for clinics to stay open.

What is the definition of Viability in the context of pregnancy?

The point (approx. 23-24 weeks) where a fetus can survive outside the womb.

What does Quickening refer to in pregnancy?

The first time fetal movement is felt; historically a legal 'line' for abortion.

What is Sentience in the context of fetal development?

The capacity to feel pleasure or pain.

What is an Abortifacient?

A substance that induces abortion; however, Plan B is not classified as one.

What is the safety statistic for Medication Abortion complications?

Serious complications are extremely rare (under 1%).