purcom ito na talaga sana..

linear perspective

communication is the process or act of transmitting a message from a sender to a receiver through a channel and with the interference of noise.

interactive perspective

Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior.

etymological perspective

the word communication is derived from the Latin word communis, which means common. The definition underscores the fact that unless a common understanding from the exchange of information, there is no communication

Pragmatic perspective

Pragmatics defines communication as any sign-mediated interaction that follows combinatorial, context-specific, and content-coherent rules.

Sender

he origin of the message who encodes feelings, ideas, thoughts, and emotions into some form of a message. The process begins with a specific intention or purpose from the sender. This is called the speaker’s intention

Receiver

hears or listen to whatever kind of message is sent by the sender. The receiver’s decoding process to interpret a message depends on a various physical, psychological, physiological, mental, contextual, and cultural factors. This is because “ all individuals are unique and have inherited certian characteristics and developed others as a results of their families, friends, and education”

message

verbal or non-verbal messages are considered the substance of any communication flow. Messages establish connection or likes among the communicative interlocutors.

Channel

encoded message ae sent by a medium, the means of sending information. SOund waves carry the sender’s voice when a message is delivered orally.

Noise

Another element of the communication process is noise-anything that blocks or interferes with the communication process.

Purpose

communication begins with a purpose of explaining why a talk or a conversation is initiated. It would always depend on what people have in mind, the place, or what the situation is.

Understading

the heart of communication is understanding. Conflicts will not arise if a particular message is comprehensible and is clearly understood.

Reaction

It is to react to what is seen, heard, felt, or thought about.

Participation

Communication is a manifestation of people’s participation to various dialogues, discussion, and talks. It is wat to show judgments and critical thoughts on various issue and topics.

Opinions

A manifestation of critically is to verbalize thinking or opinion on certain topics from various fields.

Sympathy

to communicate means to care.

education

learning is achieved through communication

Symbolic interaction theory

this focuses on self and its relationship to society. It thematically refers to the significance of meanings for human pysche, the introspective self-concept, and the interaction of a person and his society.

Organizational culture theory.

Organizational values are better understood if its member develop a sense of organizational reality. Culture plays a significant role for it varies across organization.

Uncertainty reduction theory

proponents of this theory believe that “uncertainties” occur among strangers in an interpersonal setting and interpersonal communication is the primordial way of reducing these uncertainties.

uses and gratification theory

this theory examines the level of consumers need for gratification to media use and the results and effects of that increased or decreased involvement.

Cultural studies

These refers to the belief in the fundamental precept that “culture pervades and invades all facets of human behavior” This means that people form part of a “power strata” - media dominance over subordinate groups.

Face Negotiation Theory

Conflicts arise in an interpersonal interaction if individuals fail to manage self-identity, face, self-image, and culture. It is important to negotiate these factors in order to avoid face-threatening acts.

Building an information network

One of the goals of communication is to establish an array of communication networks where there i an open access to various information shared by all participants within a communicative entity.

Engaging and part

it is a responsibility to be actively involved in various discussions, employ critical listening, and speak out what is in the mind. This is to avoid monopoly of talking and give way to a number of choices, possibilities, and alternative

speaking with a heart

relationship is one of the keys to effective communication. To establish it, one must build a sense of sincerity and commitment everytime he talks to someone. Choose the right word that may not or humiliate a person.

condemning discrimination

avoid any kind of communication that leads to distortion intolerance, intimidation, stereotype, hatred, coercion, and violence, Instead, commit to communication that promotes personal conviction by being fair and just.

respecting and understanding each

Before judging and evaluating a view of perspective, learn first to respect and understand the content of what is said. This opens a diversity of perspective and tolerance which is fundamental to human interaction.

Thomas friedman

a political reporter from the new york times, Defines globalization from an economics perspective as the establishment and intensification of interdependecies among nations.

Cultural imperialism

refers to the imposition by a politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its culture.

colonizer

who believe that their own way of life is superior to the dominated culture used law, education and/or military force to impose various aspects of their culture, including language.

Herman cortes

A case in point is the spanish influence in Latin america which began with the conquest of the aztec empire by

electronic colonialism

in the post world, cultural imperialism has taken another form in what Mc phil calls

electronic imperialism

less powerful societies continously adapt the importation of hardware, software and other forms of communication technologies produced and developed by first world contries to improve their own mass media and communication networks.

Braj Kachru

a noted sociolinguist, proposed a paradigm of World Englishes to describe users of english as belonging to three distinct groups-the inner circle, out circle, and expanding circle.

Dialectical Variation

found in these varieties of english are bound by geography and marked by differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, accent, and grammar.

Surian ng wika pambansa

to unify people through a national language was addressed by the creation of the

culture

is a multi-faceted construct which is defined as “membership in a community or group that shares a common history, traditions, norms, and imaginings in a particular space”

monochronic

cultures do one thing at a time, take commitment seriously, shows great respect for privacy, and are accustomed to short-term relationship.

polychronic

cultures engage in multi-tasking, lend or borrow things easily, and have a strong tendency to build lifetime relationship.

collectivist

cultures emphasize community, collaboration, shared interest, harmony, tradition, the public good, and maintaining face.

individualistic

culture gives primacy to “personal rights and responsibilities, privacy, voicing one’s opinion, freedom, innovation and self-expression”

haptics

using blank (the use of touch in communication) as another criterion to dichotomize, culture can an either be high-contact or low-contact.

ethnocentrism

the tendency or disposition to judge other’s culture with disfavor and to consider one’s own as being superior to the other.

cultural taboos

practices prescribed by a particular society a s being improper or unacceptable given their culture.

ferdinand de saussere

a swiss linguist, explains that every ‘sign’ (symbol) has two main components: the signifier and the signified.

Signifier

refers to the concept of which the signifier refers to the material that is signified.

Signified

refers to the concept which the signifier refers to to and this would be the meaning that is drawn by the receiver of the sign.

cultural sensitivity

refers to an understanding thaht cultures vary and that these variances are not given labels as positive or negative, good or bad.

Thomas Bertam Reid in 1956

the term register was first used by ? and popularized by linguist in the 1960s.

register

refers to a variety of language used by speakers in a particular setting and this variation is defined by used and user.

static or frozen

use of the language that rarely or never change. These would be prayers, parliamentary procedures.

consultative register

used in professional discourse where of the speakers is viewed as the expert. eg. in patient-doctor exchange.

Casual register

used in informal settings like conversing with friends or engaging in small talk with other people.

Intimate register

is used for private communication where the relationship between speakers is very personal as in conversation between husband and wife.

communicative competence

ability to use appropriate language and tone in various discourse context.

announcement

the usual component of this type of psa are some images and videos where the narrator/s delivers the message of the audience through a voice-over camera screen.

documentary/interview

this is uses interviews where an experrs testimony, or experiences give effective support to topic being presented.

narrative

this type uses either an scene, montage or re-enatment of true events.

descriptive

writing is the most commonly used which provides facts or information about a certain topics.

persuasive

writing involves analytical writing: however, it also includes the personal viewpoint or opinion of the writer which should be supported by evidences.

analytical

writing requires descriptive writing but focuses on the organizational of ideas into groups, parts, categories, or relationships to highlight an argument or claim.

critical

writing is typically employed when doing research projects and writing undergraduate or postgraduate paper such as thesis and dissertations

plagiarism

is the use of other people’s ideas without giving them due credit and recognition.

language and literature

modern language association (MLA)

Social sciences

American Psychology association

humanities

chicago manual style (CMS)

life sciences

council of science editors (cse)

physics

american institute of physics

chemistry

american chemical society

business

style varies

journalism

associated press (ap)

medicine

american medical association (AMA)

letter of application

an application letter introduce you to an employer through a personalized explanation of your qualification and interest in a position.

letter of intent

also known interchangeably as a letter of interest, is something you send to an employer or manager in consideration for a job that is not posted.

resume

is a formal document that provides an overview of your professional qualification, including your relevant work experience, skill, education, and notable accomplishments.

curriculum vitae

provides summary of your experiences skills. Typically, CVs foe entry level candidates are longer than resumes-at least two or three pages.

letter of inquiry

asks someone for specifc information

email

is the lastest formal method of business communication. It is the most widely used method of written communication usually done in a conversational style.

memorandum

is a document used for internal communication within an organization. May be drafted by management and addressed to other employees. This are sent to several team when important business matters need to be updated.