A&P Final

Prior to an intravenous pyelogram it is often useful to know the level of:

1. bilirubin

2. lactic acid

3. calcium

4. blood urea nitrogen

blood urea nitrogen

Painful and frequent urination characterizes an infection of the bladder, known as:

1. pyelonephritis

2. phlebitis

3. cystitis

4. enuresis

5. incontinence

cystitis

The parts of the small intestine are the:

1. jejunum and ileum

2. jejunum, ileum, and sigmoid

3. duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

4. stomach, duodenum, and jejunum

5. duodenum, jejunum, and ilium

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Urine is formed in the:

1. urinary bladder, ureters, and kidneys

2. kidneys and ureter

3. kidneys and adrenal glands

4. kidneys and renal veins

5. kidneys only

kidneys only

The adrenal glands:

1. lie upon the superior poles of each kidney

2. may be found in the neck

3. may be removed without serious consequences

4. all of the above are true

lie upon the superior poles of each kidney

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

1. the kidneys are retroperitoneal

2. the kidneys normally normally descend when an individual changes from the recumbent to the erect position

3. the right kidney is lower than the left

4. the kidneys move during respiration

5. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following can retain urine for a period of time before elimination (voiding)?

1. deminal vesicles

2. prostate

3. vas deferens

4. bladder

5. all of the above

bladder

Which of the following does not enter the kidney at the hilum?

1. renal artery

2. renal vein

3. adrenal gland

4. ureter

5. lymphatic vessels

adrenal gland

The upper expanded end of each ureter which enters the kidney is called the:

1. renal pelvis

2. renal pyramid

3. renal column

4. renal cortex

renal pelvis

The bladder muscle is called the:

1. trigone

2. psoas muscle

3. detrusor muscle

4. external urinary sphincter

detrusor muscle

The term applied to the voiding or urine is:

1. mastication

2. catheterization

3. tubular secretion

4. micturition

micturition

The fuctional units of the kidneys are known as:

1. renal sinuses

2. nephrons

3. peritubular capillaries

4. afferent arterioles

nephrons

In the male adult, a urinary bladder obstruction may result from a/an:

1. ureteral refulx

2. renal colic

3. enlarged prostate gland

4. paralyzed external urethra sphincter

enlarged prostate gland

Blood is carried to the glomerulus by which of the following:

1. renal artery

2. renal vein

3. afferent arteriole

4. efferent arteriole

afferent arteriole

The urinary bladder is situated:

1. anterior to the rectum

2. posterior to the rectum

3. anterior to the prostate

4. below the prostate

anterior to the rectum

A blockage of the ureter by a calculus or other mechanical obstruction will often lead to the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces called:

1. ptosis

2. hydronephrosis

3. polyuria

4. agenesis

hydronephrosis

The term used for a kidney not found in its normal location is:

1. ectopic kidney

2. staghorn kidney

3. horseshoe kidney

4. micro-kidney

ectopic kidney

The buildup of pousonous waste products in blood is commonly caused by poor kidney function which is called:

1. ptosis

2. anuria

3. uremia

4. renal reflux

uremia

When the kidney falls in position, this is known as:

1. pyelitis

2. horseshoe kidney

3. extravasation

4. nephroptosis

nephroptosis

The urethra is a passage from the urinary bladder to the:

1. kidney

2. renal pelvis

3. outside

4. abdomen

outside

The outer tissue (lighter) of the kidney is known as:

1. cortex

2. medulla

cortex

A depression on the medial side of the kidney is the:

1. pelvis

2. hilum

3. pedicle

4. calyx

hilum

The kidneys occupy the space between which of the following levels?

1. C5-C7

2. T7-T10

3. T12-L3

4. L4-S1

T12-L3

The blood and oxygen supply to the kidneys is from the:

1. iliac arteries

2. renal arteries

3. renal tubules

4. renal veins

renal arteries

Which of the following is not an excretory organ?

1. kidney

2. pancreas

3. skin

4. lungs

pancreas

In the male, the urethra is _____ the uretha is in the female.

1. longer than

2. shorter than

3. the same length as

longer than

The triangular area between the three openings of the bladder is the:

1. detrusor muscle

2. visceral peritoneum

3. trigone

4. hilum

trigone

When the lower poles of the kidneys are joined across the midline of the body, this is known as:

1. staghorn kidney

2. ectopic kidney

3. horseshoe kidney

4. extravasative kidney

horseshoe kidney

The ureters enter the bladder at the ____ aspect.

1. posterior

2. anterior lateral

3. superior

4. posterior lateral

posterior lateral

From Bowman’s capsule, urine is conveyed directly to the:

1. glomeruli

2. proximal convoluted tubule

3. distal convoluted tubule

4. loop of Henle

proximal convoluted tubule

When the urinary bladder is fully distended it:

1. dilates the rectum and sigmoid colon

2. displaces the peritoneum and intestine upward

3. decreases pressure within the renal tubules

4. constricts the distal ends of the ureters

constricts the distal ends of the ureters

The main support of the kidneys is/are:

1. ureters

2. adipose tissue/renal fascia

3. peritoneum

4. periosteum

adipose tissue/renal fascia

A nephron is made up of:

1. a glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

2. several renal pyramids

3. a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

4. bowman’s capsule and loop of Henle

a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

Which of the following is not a part of a nephron?

1. glomerular capsule

2. glomerulus

3. ascending limb of Henle

4. calyx

calyx

Cortex or Medulla: renal corpuscle

cortex

Cortex or Medulla: loop of Henle

medulla

Cortex or Medulla: distal convoluted tubule

cortex

Cortex or Medulla: proximal convoluted tubule

cortex

Cortex or Medulla: lower part of the collecting tubules

medulla

A large amount of the fluid is passed from the tubule to the peritubular capillaries:

1. selective secretion

2. tubular reabsorption

3. glomerular filtration

tubular reabsorption

Solutes which are not required by the body are secreted into the tubules:

1. selective secretion

2. tubular reabsorption

3. glomerular filtration

selective secretion

Blood plasma and its many solutes are passed from the glomerulus to the renal tubules:

1. selective secretion

2. tubular reabsorption

3. glomerular filtration

glomerular filtration

The coronary arteries are branches off of the:

1. descending aorta

2. abdominal aorta

3. ascending aorta

4. arch of the aorta

ascending aorta

Endo means:

1. inside

2. middle

3. outside

4. between

inside

The pump for the circulatory system is:

1. muscles

2. lungs

3. heart

4. brain

heart

The heart is divided into ____ chambers.

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

4

T or F: The heart muscle is thicker at the right ventricle than at the left ventricle.

False

The first sound of the normal heartbeat is due to the closure of the:

1. atrioventricular and semi-lunar valves

2. pulmonary valve

3. semi-lunar valves

4. atrioventricular valves

atrioventricular valves

Stenosis is:

1. blockage

2. narrowing

3. occlusion

4. sac-like

narrowing

A reading of 65 to 80 mm of mercury is normal for the:

1. systolic pressure

2. diastolic pressure

diastolic pressure

T or F: The foramen ovale is the opening in the interatrial septum between the two atria.

true

The right atrium receives blood from the:

1. superior vena cava and pulmonary artery

2. superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

3. inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus

4. coronary sinus, inferior vena cava and superior vena cava

coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, and superior vena cava

Cardia means:

1. lungs

2. heart

3. pulmonary arteries

4. pulse

heart

Blood that is presently in the left atrium will flow through the ____ next.

1. pulmonary valve

2. aortic valve

3. tricuspid valve

4. bicuspid valve

bicuspid valve

The pulmonary veins drain blood from the lungs to the:

1. right ventricle

2. left ventricle

3. right atrium

4. left atrium

left atrium

The outer covering of the heart is the:

1. endocardium

2. pericardium

3. myocardium

pericardium

When the ventricles of the heart are contracting, which heart valves are closed?

1. atrioventricular valves

2. semi-lunar valves

atrioventricular valves

Diastole is the phase of ventricular:

1. contraction

2. relaxation

relaxation

Which of the following structures is/are not located within the mediastinum?

1. esophagus

2. heart

3. lungs

4. thymus gland

lungs

The specialized striated muscle of the heart is the:

1. endocardium

2. pericardium

3. myocardium

myocardium

The condition produced in an organ or tissue beyond the blockage of an artery, due to an embolus or thrombosis, is called a/an:

1. occlusion

2. aneurysm

3. infarct

4. ischemia

infarct

Which of the following is not a part of the heart?

1. right atrium

2. left ventricle

3. mitral valve

4. vena cava

vena cava

Blood is carried from the heart to the lungs by the:

1. aorta

2. pulmonary artery

3. pulmonary veins

4. superior vena cava

pulmonary artery

In the fetus, the blood vessel which connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta is the:

1. ductus venosus

2. ductus arteriosus

3. foramen ovale

4. umbilical cord

ductus arteriosus

T or F: The mitral valve is another name for the tricuspid valve.

False

The area which contains the heart is the:

1. superior mediastinum

2. anterior mediastinum

3. posterior mediastinum

4. middle mediastinum

middle mediastinum

The lining membrane of the ventricles and valves of the heart is the:

1. endocardium

2. myocardium

3. pericardium

endocardium

The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the:

1. pulmonary valve

2. aortic valve

3. tricuspid valve

4. bicuspid valve

tricuspid valve

A semi-lunar valve would be located between the:

1. right ventricle and right atrium

2. right ventricle and pulmonary artery

3. left ventricle and pulmonary artery

right ventricle and pulmonary artery

The pericardial cavity is the potential space between the:

1. myocardium and visceral pericardium

2. visceral and parietal pericardium

3. parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium

4. fibrous pericardium and the mediastinum

visceral and parietal pericardium

Contraction of the right ventricle will normally cause blood to first pass into the:

1. right atrium

2. aorta

3. main pulmonary artery

4. left ventricle

main pulmonary artery

Which of the following structures carries oxygenated blood?

1. coronary sinus

2. pulmonary veins

3. pulmonary artery

4. superior vena cava

pulmonary veins

The small bowel is supplied with blood by the:

1. splenic artery

2. hepatic artery

3. inferior mesenteric artery

4. superior mesenteric artery

superior mesenteric artery

The artyer which passes behind the knee joint is the:

1. femoral artery

2. popliteal artery

3. internal iliac artery

4. cephalic artery

popliteal artery

In the upper limb, the subclavian artery continues as the:

1. brachial artery

2. axillary artery

3. radial artery

4. ulnar artery

axillary artery

Which TWO of the following veins join to form the portal vein?

1. left gastric vein

2. splenic vein

3. inferior mesenteric vein

4. superior mesenteric vein

splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

The arteries supplying blood to the brain are:

1. internal carotid arteries

2. vertebral and ext. carotid arteries

3. vertebral and interal carotid arteries

4. interal and external carotid arteries

vertebral and interal carotid arteries

The arteries which supply the brain with blood enter the skull and set up an anastomosis which is known as:

1. circle of willis

2. portal circulation

3. systemic circulation

4. venous sinuses

circle of willis

Which of the following heart cavities has the thickest walls?

1. right atrium

2. right ventricle

3. left atrium

4. left ventricle

left ventricle

The vertebral artery branches off of which artery?

1. common carotid artery

2. axillary carotid artery

3. subclavian artery

4. aortic arch

subclavian artery

The thoracic lymph duct originates at an elongated sac in the upper abdomen called the:

1. axillary node

2. cisterna chyli

3. right lymph duct

4. cervical node

cisterna chyli

The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is known as the:

1. tricuspid valve

2. bicuspid valve

3. aortic valve

4. pulmonary valve

bicuspid valve

The primary pacemaker of the heart is/are:

1. SA node

2. AV node

3. purkinje fibers

4. Bundle of His

SA node

T or F: The portal vein flows directly into the inferior vena cava

False

The lymphatic system:

1. carried oxygenated blood

2. carries deoxygenated blood

3. drains fluid from body tissues

4. secretes bile

drains fluid from body tissues

The innominate artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the:

1. brachial artery

2. axillary artery

3. subclavian artery

4. jugular artery

subclavian artery

The dorsalis pedis artery is located in the:

1. lower leg

2. foot

3. hand

4. arm

foot

The venous blood form the cranium flows down to the chest through the:

1. internal jugular artery

2. common carotid artery

3. external carotid vein

4. internal jugular vein

internal jugular vein

Branches of the aortic arch include all of the following EXCEPT:

1. left subclavian artery

2. right common carotid artery

3. inominate artery

4. left common carotid artery

right common carotid artery

The internal jugular vein joins with the:

1. external jugular vein

2. cephalic vein

3. basilic vein

4. subclavian vein

subclavian vein

The femoral artery carries blood:

1. to the arms

2. to the legs

3. away from the arms

4. away from the legs

to the legs

Blood supply to the distal (last) ½ of the large intestine is supplied by the:

1. celiac trunk

2. splenic artery

3. inferior mesenteric artery

4. superior mesenteric artery

inferior mesenteric artery

The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the:

1. right carotid

2. vertebral artery

3. internal carotid artery

4. external carotid artery

external carotid artery

The right and left innominate veins join to form the:

1. superior vena cava

2. brachiocephalic vein

3. inferior vena cava

4. jugular vein

superior vena cava

The external carotid artery supplies blood to the:

1. anterior portion of the brain

2. posterior portion of the brain

3. chest

4. head, neck, and scalp

head, neck and scalp

The abdominal aorta divides into the _____ at L4.

1. right and left carotid arteries

2. right and left femoral arteries

3. right and left common iliac arteries

4. right and left internal iliac arteries

right and left common iliac arteries

Which vessel is formed in the lower abdomen by the union of two common iliac veins:

1. aorta

2. internal and external iliac veins

3. inferior vena cava

4. superior vena cava

inferior vena cava

The posterior circulation of the brain is supplied by which blood vessels:

1. internal carotid arteries

2. vertebral arteries

3. external carotid arteries

4. internal jugular veins

vertebral arteries

The brachial and basilic veins drain into which vein?

1. subclavian vein

2. radial vein

3. axillary vein

4. cephalic vein

axillary vein

Which vein collects blood in the liver and drains into the inferior vena cava?

1. portal vein

2. hepatic vein

3. splenic vein

4. gastric vein

hepatic vein