Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

Virulence factor

Specific molecules, structures, or strategies produced by a pathogen that enable it to infect a host and cause disease

Antibiotic resistance gene

Gene that helps pathogen evade an antibiotic

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

1. Blocking entry

2. Inactivation by enzymes

3. Alteration of target molecules

4. Efflux of antibiotics

Superbugs

Multi-drug resistant bacteria

Example: MRSA

Ways to prevent increase in antibiotic resistance

1. Don’t misuse antibiotics

2. Use narrow spectrum antibiotics when possible

3. Complete antibiotic treatments

4. Do not use expired antibiotics

HAI

Healthcare associated infections

Infection patient gets while at a healthcare facility

AKA nosocomial

Many are caused by opportunistic pathogens

Many are antibiotic resistant

CAI

Community acquired infection

Infection acquired outside of a healthcare facility