Unit 2 Post Exam Questions

The two most common topographic landmarks for chest positioning are the:

jugular notch and vertebra prominens

The vertebra prominent corresponds to the level of:

C7

Which body habits is seen in the majority of the adult population?

sthenic

Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior?

esophagus

The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the:

carina

The inner layer of the pleura that encloses the lungs and heart is called the:

pulmonary or visceral pleura

Which of the following structures is NOT considered as a mediastinal structure?

aorta

The laryngeal prominence is a positioning landmark located at the level of:

C5

The thymus gland is at its maximum size at:

puberty

The heart is located in the anterior chest at the level of:

T5-8

What is a common palpable landmark for the AP chest projection on the obese patient?

jugular notch

The central ray for an anteroposterior (AP) supine, adult chest projection should be centered:

3-4 inches (8-10 cm) below the jugular notch

For an AP portable chest on an older or hypersthenic male patient, which of the following should occur?

The CR should be centered to the mammillary (nipple) line

Which of the following clinical indications often requires the inspiration/expiration chest series to be taken?

small pneumothorax?

Pleurisy may be demonstrated radiographically by associated:

pleural effusion

Which type of body habitus typically requires that the image receptor be placed landscape rather than portrait for a posterioanteroir (PA) chest?

hypersthenic

A general rule states that radiographic grids are required with chest radiography for:

exposure factors using 100 kV or greater?

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The left bronchus is more vertical than the right bronchus

A well-inspired healthy adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of ___ posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm

10

Which of the following technical factors is most ideal for adult chest radiography?

120 kV, 2.5 mAs, 72 inch SID

A PA chest radiograph reveals that only seven ribs are seen above the diaphragm on a healthy adult. Which of the following suggestions would improve the inspiration of lungs?

take the exposure of the second inspiration rather than the first

A correctly positioned lateral chest radiograph demonstrates some separation of the posterior ribs owing the to the divergent x-ray beam. However, an separation of greater than ___ inches indicates objectionable rotation from a true lateral.

0.5

What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA?

increased magnification of the heart

Of the following factors, which one is most crucial to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest?

patient in erect or decubitus position

A PA chest radiograph reveals that the pendulous breasts of the patient are obscuring the base of the lungs. What should be done to lessen the effects of the breast shadow?

Ask patient to lift breasts up and outward

Situation: A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed?

rotation into the right anterior oblique (RAO) position?

Of the following positioning actions, which one will remove most of the scapulae from the lung fields?

roll shoulders forward

For an average-size female patient, where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the chest?

7 inches below the vertebra prominens

A condition characterized as an irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles that may result form repeated pulmonary infection or obstruction is termed:

bronchiectasis

What type of CR angle is required for the AP semi axial (alternative lordotic with patient supine) projection for lung apices?

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

Which chest oblique position will best demonstrate the left lung area?

45 degrees RAO

Situation: A patient enters the emergency department to be treated for severe trauma. the physician orders an ap supine chest to evaluate the lungs. what can the technologist do to reduce the maginfacaton of the heart?

increase SID as much as possible

Situation: an ambulatory patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of possible pneumonia. the option complains of pain in the center of her chest. what positioning routine should be preformed on the patient?

PA and left lateral projections

Situation: A patient is in the intensive care unit with multiple injuries. The attending physician is concerned about a pleural effusion in the left lung. The patient had surgery recently cannot stand. Which position/projection would be best to rule out the pleural effusion?

left lateral decubitus

Situation: A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Because of trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition?

right lateral decubitus

Situation: A patient comes to radiology for a routine chest study. On the PA projection, the radiologist sees a possible calcification near a rib, but she cannot tell whether the calcification is in the lung or on the rib. What additional projections would assist with the diagnosis?

inspiration/expiration PA

Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a possible mass beneath the right clavicle. The PA and left lateral projections are inconclusive. Which additional projection/position can be taken to demonstrate this possible mass?

AP lordotic

Why must the technologist slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP projections of the chest?

prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs

Which positioning line must be placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for an AP projection of the upper airway?

acanthiomeatal (AML)

Which of the following is NOT a form of occupational lung disease (pneumoconiosis)?

tuberculosis

Which of the following is a condition in which all or part of lung is collapsed, with a radiographic appearance of radiodense lung regions requiring an increase in exposure factors?

atelectasis

Situs inversus is a condition in which:

all major organs are in the opposite side of the body

The CR for an AP supine chest should be aligned:

perpendicular to the long axis of sternum

What is the recommended kV range for upper airway projections (analog and digital imaging)?

75 to 85 kv

Cystic fibrosis

increase

bronchitis

no change

emphysema

decrease

pleural effusion

increase

pulmonary edema

increase

pulmonary emboli

no change

lung displaced from chest wall and no lung markings visible on radiography

pneumothorax

patchy infiltrate with increased radio density

pneumonia

slight shadows in early stages, larger radiopaque masses in advanced stages

malignant lung neoplasm

increased lung dimensions (barrel-chest)

emphysema

a contagious disease cause by airborne bacteria

tuberculosis

The xiphoid process is a reliable positioning landmark for determining the lower margin of the lungs for chest positioning

True

Geriatric patients generally require higher central ray centering than younger patients for chest radiography

true

Top of image receptor placed approximately 3 inches above the shoulders is a recommended centering technique for adult chest radiography.

true

For anterior oblique positioned radiographs of the chest, the elongated (widened) aspect of the thorax is generally furthest from the image receptor.

true

When performing the lateral projection of the upper airway, exposure should be made during a slow, deep inspiration rather than at the end of the inspiration.

true