Chapter 50- Regions & Musculature of Upper Limb

What regions does the upper limb consist of

pectoral region

shoulder

axilla

arm

elbow

forearm

wrist

hand

Humerus?

Shoulder

Axilla

armpit

Brachium

Arm

Cubitus

Elbow

Antebrachium

Forearm

Carpus

Wrist

Manus

Hand

Palma

Palm

Digiti manus

Fingers

Pollex

Thumb

The upper limb is connect to the trunk by __

shoulder girdle

What is the shoulder girdle composed of

a C-shaped ring made of five bones

1. Manubrium of the sternum

2. Right and left scapulae

3. Right and left clavicles

what are the muscles of the pectoral region?

1. pectoralis major

2. pectoralis minor

3. serratus anterior

what is the action of the pectoralis major muscle?

aDduct, medially rotate, and flex arm at the shoulder

AMRF (ALEX MARRIES RICH FOLKS)

what is the innervation of the pectoralis major muscle?

1. medial pectoral nerve

2. lateral pectoral nerve

what is the action of pectoralis minor?

depress scapula

what is the innervation of pectoralis minor muscle?

medial pectoral nerve

what is the action of serratus anterior muscle?

upward rotation of scapula

what is the innervation for serratus anterior?

long thoracic nerve

SALT

what are the muscles of the shoulder region?

1. Deltoid

2. Supraspinatous

3. Infraspinatous

4. Teres minor

5. Subscapularis

6. Teres major

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

SITS

1. suprapinatous

2. infraspinatous

3. teres minor

4. subscapularis

what is the action of the deltoid muscle?

flex, extend, medially and laterally rotate, and aBduct arm at shoulder

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what is the action of the supraspinatous muscle?

ABduct arm at shoulder

what is the action of the infraspinatous and teres minor muscle?

lateral rotation of arm at shoulder

what is the action of the subscapularis?

medial rotation of arm at shoulder

what is the action of teres major?

ADduct and medially rotate arm at shoulder

what is the innervation of the deltoid and teres minor muscles?

axillary nerve

what is the innervation of the supraspinatous and infraspinatous?

suprascapular nerve

what is the innervation of the subscapularis?

upper and lower subscapular nerve

what is the innervation of the teres major?

lower subscapular nerve

what are the muscles of the arm?

1. triceps brachii

2. biceps brachii

3. coracobrachialis

4. brachialis

what are the parts of the triceps brachii?

1. long head

2. lateral head

3. medial head

what is the action of the triceps brachii ?

extend forearm at elbow

what is the innervation of triceps brachii?

radial nerve

what are parts of biceps brachii?

1. long head

2. short head

what is the action of the biceps brachii?

flex and supinate forearm at the elbow

what is the action of the coracobrachialis muscle?

flex arm at shoulder

what is the action of the brachialis muscle?

flex forearm at elbow

what is the innervation for biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis muscles?

musculocutaneous nerve

what are the anterior superficial forearm muscles?

1. pronator teres

2. flexor carpi radialis

3. palmaris longus

4. flexor carpi ulnaris

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what is the action of the pronator teres?

pronate forearm at elbow

what is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

flex and aBduct hand at wrist

what is the action of the palmaris longus?

flex hand at wrist

what is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

flex and adduct hand at wrist

what innervates the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus?

median nerve

what innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?

ulnar nerve

what is the anterior intermediate forearm muscle?

flexor digitorum superficialis

what is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

flex digits 2-5

what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

median nerve

what are the anterior deep forearm muscles?

1. flexor pollicis longus

2. flexor digitorum profundus

3. pronator quadratus

what is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?

flex thumb

what is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?

Anterior interosseous nerve(AIN)

what is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus?

flex digits 2-5

what is the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

AIN and ulnar nerve

what is the action of the pronator quadratus muscle?

pronate hand at wrist

what is the innervation of the pronator quadratus muscle?

AIN

what are the muscles of the posterior superficial forearm?

1. brachioradialis

2. extensor carpi radialis longus

3. extensor carpi radialis brevis

4. extensor digitorum

5. extensor digiti minimi

6. extensor carpi ulnaris

7. anconeus

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what is the action of the brachioradialis?

flex forearm at elbow (SAME AS BRACHIALIS)

what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

extend and aBduct the hand at the wrist

what is the action of the extensor digitorum muscle?

extends digits 2-5

what is the action of the extensor digiti minimi muscle?

extends digit 5

what is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?

extend and aDduct hand at wrist

what is the action of the anconeus muscle?

extends forearm at elbow

what is the innervation of brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and anconeus?

radial nerve

what is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

deep branch of radial nerve

what is the innervation of extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris?

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

what are the muscles of the posterior deep forearm muscles?

1. supinator muscles

2. abductor pollicis longus

3. extensor pollicis longus

4. extensor pollicis brevis

5. extensor indicis

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what is the action of the supinator muscle?

supinate forearm at elbow

what is the action of the extensor pollicis longus and brevis?

extend thumb

what is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?

abduct thumb

what is the action of the extensor indicis?

extend index finger

what is the innervation of all posterior deep forearm muscles (supinator/extensor pollicis longs and brevis/ abductor pollicis longus/ extensor indicis)?

PIN= posterior interosseous nerve

what are the hand muscles?

thenar/hypothenar/ small hand muscles

What are the thenar muscles

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis

What are the Hypothenar muscles

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, Palmaris brevis

What are the small hand muscles

Lumbricals 1-4

Dorsal Interossei 1-4

Palmar Interossei 1-4

What is the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow

Arm

The compartments of the arm are formed by what

humerus and fascia

What is deep to the skin and subcutaneous tissue? And what does it form?

Brachial fascia which forms a tubular investment for the muscles of the arm

Inward extensions of Brachial fascia course between what? What are the extensions?

muscles to humerus

1. Lateral intermuscular septum

2. Medial intermuscular septum, anterior lamina

3. Medial intermuscular septum, posterior lamina

What three intermuscular septa divide the arm

Anterior, Medial and Posterior Compartment

What is a depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow

Cubital Fossa

What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa

brachioradialis

What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa

Pronator teres

What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa

imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus

The floor of the cubital fossa is composed of what muscles

Supinator and Brachialis muscle

What are the contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial

Radial nerve and its terminal branches

Tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

Brachial artery and its terminal branches

Median Nerve

What is the portion of the upper limb distal to the forearm

hand

What are the areas of the hand

Palm, Thenar, Hypothenar, Fingers

Thenar is

ball of the thumb

Hypothenar is

ball of the little finger

Name the fingers

Digit 1: Thumb or Pollex

Digit 2: Index

Digit 3: Middle

Digit 4: Ring

Digit 5: Little

How many carpal bones does the hand have and how are they arranged

8 and arranged in 2 rows: proximal row of four and distal row of four

From lateral to medial, the proximal row consists of what

scaphold

lunate

triquetrum

pisiform

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from lateral to medial, the distal row consists of what

trapezium

trapezoid

capitate

hamate

the carpal bonds are arranged in the form of what

an arch which is concave anteriorly

What is a triangular connective tissue membrane between the subcutaneous tissue of the palm and the tendons of the palm

palmar aponeurosis

The apex of palmar aponeurosis is the insertion of

palmaris longus muscle (when present)

The apex of palmar aponeurosis is fused with

underlying flexor retinaculum