Lifespan Development and Environmental Risk Flashcards

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering environmental risks, development stages from adolescence to late adulthood, theories of aging, and death and dying based on the lecture notes.

What is allostatic load?

The stress of the basic body systems that combine to limit your overall load.

According to the transcript, when do most teens try psychoactive drugs?

Between the ages of $10$ and $25$.

What is the single most preventable cause of death?

Cigarette smoking.

What percentage of people who smoke cigarettes will die before they reach the age of $50$?

$\frac{1}{3}$ of people.

How is marijuana use linked to academic performance and mental health in regular users?

It has been linked to dropping out of school, depression, and lower intelligence compared to non-users.

Who developed the concept of emerging adulthood?

Arnett.

What is homeostasis?

The adjustment of your body system to reach a point of equilibrium.

At what age range is fertility at its peak in emerging adulthood?

Between the ages of $17$ and $20$.

What is Sternberg's triangular theory of love components?

Passion, Intimacy, and Commitment.

What is senescence?

A gradual physical decline during which the body becomes less strong and efficient.

What is the role of the enzyme telomerase?

It is an enzyme that prevents the shortening of telomeres.

How much lung capacity do most people lose each decade after age $25$?

Approximately $4\%$.

What term refers to 'old eyes' or the difficulty in adjusting vision from far to near that occurs by age $50$?

Presbyopia.

What is presbycusis?

Age-related hearing loss that usually occurs around age $50$.

What is the definition of menopause in terms of menstruation?

When a female stops getting her period for one full year.

What are the risks associated with hormone replacement therapy or estrogen replacement therapy?

Increased risk for breast cancer ($6\%$ per year), heart attack, stroke, blood clots, and gallbladder disease.

What is Raymond and Cattell's definition of crystallized intelligence?

An accumulated ability that takes a long time to grow.

What is the recommended amount of exercise per week for longevity in adulthood?

$150$ minutes a week.

What is the average life expectancy for men and women in the United States?

The overall average is $78.8$ years ($76$ for men and $81$ for women).

According to Erikson, what is generativity?

Giving and guiding younger generations, extending commitments beyond one's self and partner, and integrating personal goals with social welfare.

What is the Hayflick Limit?

The suggestion that normal cells can only divide approximately $50$ times before losing the ability to replicate.

What is ageism?

A form of prejudice where individuals are categorized and judged solely based on their chronological age.

What is elderspeak?

A condescending communication style used with older adults that resembles 'baby talk,' characterized by simple sentences, exaggerated emphasis, and a slower rate.

What are the two definitive biological markers of Alzheimer's Disease found in the cerebral cortex?

Extensive plaques (beta-amyloid protein) and tangles (tau protein).

What is the name of the most common type of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)?

Pick's disease.

What are Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)?

Essential self-care tasks required for independent living, including dressing, eating, ambulating, toileting, and hygiene.

What are Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)?

Tasks requiring intellectual competence and forethought, such as managing medical care, food preparation, transportation, and finances.

What is Erikson’s final stage of psychosocial development in late adulthood?

Ego Integrity vs. Despair.

What is gerotranscendence?

A concept by Joan Erikson representing a cosmic, transcendent perspective on life characterized by inner calm and quiet reflection.

What are Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’s five stages of grief?

1. Denial, 2. Anger, 3. Bargaining, 4. Depression, 5. Acceptance.

What is disenfranchised grief?

A type of grief where an individual cannot publicly grieve.

What is the impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive function?

Sleep deprivation can lead to impaired memory, decreased attention, and reduced ability to make decisions.

What changes occur in physical health with aging?

Aging is associated with a decrease in muscle mass, bone density, and metabolism.

What is the importance of maintaining social connections in adulthood?

Maintaining social connections is crucial for emotional well-being and can reduce the risk of depression.

How does stress affect physical health?

Chronic stress can lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, and compromised immune function.

What is the significance of mental health awareness in emerging adulthood?

Awareness helps in early identification and management of mental health issues, promoting better life choices.

How does physical activity influence mental health in adults?

Regular physical activity can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression while enhancing mood and cognitive function.

What is the relationship between sleep quality and health?

Good sleep quality is associated with better physical health, mental well-being, and improved cognitive function.

What are the effects of chronic illness on mental health?

Chronic illnesses can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, impacting overall quality of life in adults.

What is the importance of preventive healthcare in adulthood?

Preventive healthcare helps identify health risks early, promoting timely interventions and reducing the incidence of serious health issues.

How does social isolation affect older adults?

Social isolation can increase feelings of loneliness and depression, leading to adverse effects on both mental and physical health in older adults.

What is resilience in the context of adult mental health?

Resilience refers to an individual's ability to adapt to stress and adversity, promoting mental well-being and recovery from challenges in adulthood.