Golio's Forms Study Flashcards

Letter/ Email

*If you are writing an email, supply a few words in the subject line naming the topic of the correspondence. Omit your address and your recipient's address.*

The Heading

• Your address should be written in the top-right corner of the page.

• The date should be written below your address.

• Below the date on the left hand side of the page, write the recipients address

The Opening Salutations Letters are meant to be read by a specific person

• If you do know the person; use their name. For example: Dear Ms M Coles,

• If you don't know the person/people then use Dear Sir/Madam/To Whom It May Concern,

Add a comma after their name.

• Your opening sentence should get to the point and clearly state why you are writing.

I am writing to say thank you for ...

I write to share my gratitude for...

The Body

• Include all the relevant details of why you are writing.

• Make sure that each point you make has a separate paragraph. (multiple paragraphs)

Closing statement

• Restate the main point of your letter.

• Make sure that you provide an action for the reader. For example: Keep smiling and take care.

Ending your letter

• Complimentary closings appear at the end of a personal letter before the signature.

Complimentary closings for letters include: "Sincerely", "Cordially", "Best regards", "Yours truly", "Respectfully", "Warmly", "All the best", "With gratitude", "Best wishes"

Signature Line: Your Name

**Letters can be used for many purposes. Adjust your tone, register, and word choice to fulfill your purpose and reach the audience.*

Newspaper Article/ News Story/ Investigative Journalism

Newspaper name

The name of the newspaper is always at the top of the page.

Headline

A headline is an eye-catching title for the text, which summarizes the information in just a few words. Newspapers often use alliteration to make their headlines sound really interesting.

Short subtitle

The subtitle is a short title that gives more information about the report.

"Lead" Paragraph (First paragraph): 5Ws The first paragraph of a news report is designed to quickly and concisely summarize the most important information including the 5Ws - what, where, when, who and why.

Clear paragraphs Each paragraph should give more detail about the story and be presented in a clear way.

Facts Facts or statistics can be used to support points.

Direct and indirect/reported speech Can be used to show the what other people have said about the story.

Conclusion paragraph The conclusion paragraph can explain what might happen next.

Formal language

Avoid chatty, friendly language No opinions, bias, rhetoric, slang, colloquialisms, or contractions.

Keep your language as simple as possible. Don't use long or complicated words or sentences. Short words in short sentences are best because they are quick to read and more easily understood.

Third person

Newspaper reports are written in the third person using the names of those involved and pronouns such as 'he', 'she' or 'they'.

Past tense

The main part of the report should be written in the past as the event has already happened.

Article

A piece of writing (usually around 800-2000 words) about a particular topic. Sometimes an article will offer a balanced view of a subject. At other times an article might be biased towards a person or political standpoint.

- author's name may or may not be listed. - includes a headline or title that includes figurative language - uses a variety of sentence types and punctuation for an intended effect.

The basic structure of an article is usually in three parts and is divided into multiple paragraphs.

• *Nonfiction pattern of organization*

• opening - engaging the reader, or outlining the main point of the article. Begin with a "hook."

• middle - a series of paragraphs that go into more detail

• end - a concluding paragraph that draws the points together

• Within this structure you could also create a circular structure in which the conclusion connects back to the opening idea.

Language

• The language of an article depends upon the purpose and audience.

• Written with the average reader in mind, so the language used is easily read and simple to understand.

• Tone is credible/reliable and intelligent, yet conversational.

• Includes editorial philosophy or a point of view that's unique to that brand — a personality. It's not just what they're saying, it's also how they say it.

Podcast/ Voiceover Script

- Appeals to its target audience in tone and content.

- Catchy name

- Begins with a 3-7 sentence summary that tells audience what information, guests, or topics are discussed in a particular podcast or episode.

- Focuses on new and exciting topics that your readers want to hear about.

- Clear and consistent structure including an intro, a section of main content, and then a strong conclusion.

Written mostly the same as an article

Diary/ Journal

■ Diaries have an element of reflection and thought.

■ Topics relate to the author's life, using personal or home contexts

■ They also share elements of narrative texts in that they recount events.

■ Mix factual detail with personal observation.

■ May focus on several topics, rather than just one event.

■ Mix tenses, so that we are taken 'into the moment' with present tense, glimpse at events that have just happened (past) or are in the process of happening (present continuous), and consider what might happen or is about to occur (future tenses).

■ Witness characters and events from first person narrator "I"

■ Chronological order (usually)

■ Often begins "Dear Diary" and will include a date.

■ Register/content will be affected by expected audience—some diaries are private (intimate register with inside jokes, nicknames, slang), but some are more public (consultative or formal register).

Blog

Appear on discussion or informational website consisting of informal diary-style text entries.

• Contains a catchy title

• Designed for a specific audience as a vehicle of giving advice, selling, or promoting ideas or products.

• Accessed online through websites, apps, social media platforms

• Interactive with a sense of community

• Chatty, conversational tone: Informal register including jargon and/or colloquial language

• 1st person narrator "I" and may address the audience directly (sometimes includes 2nd person "we")

• You choose the best pattern organization for the information you are sharing.

Review

- Catchy Title

- comments on or describes an event or experience -conveys the writer's expertise or knowledge in the field - establishes a set of criteria on which the topic is being judged

- expresses an opinion about the experience or material - positive or negative adjectives, vivid imagery - makes comparisons with related texts or performances - adopt informal chatty language to engage the reader - may have a rating score - stars or scale

- tone depends on type of review - sometimes critical, disapproving, cautious, outraged, playful, sarcastic

Travel Writing

A hybrid mix of numerous purposes and forms. A bit like a diary- a bit like a review- a bit like an article.- introduces people to new place, to recommend (like a guide/itinerary)- purpose: to share an experience, to tell a story, to persuade/advise- includes vivid descriptions and imagery- typically engaging, humorous, and sentimental- includes anecdotes.- Has a catchy title- first-person narrative

(Auto) Biography/ Memoir

- a description or explanation of an event in the author's life

- an autobiography covers a whole life; a memoir covers a single event or a short time-period

- based on what the author recalls about the event (not necessarily the facts of the event)

- reflects only the author's thoughts and feelings on the topic

- follows a narrative arc (think Freytag's Pyramid)

- first-person point of view

- consultative register

- written with past tense verbs

- written in formal language (compound and complex sentences)

- written in chronological order

- part of the text will include dialogue

- includes a theme or message about life for the audience

Includes a title

Narrative

Fictional short story or part of a novel or play.

- has part of a compelling plot (Freytag's pyramid) - establishes interesting characters - includes dialogue that advances the plot - conveys setting - sustains the readers interest though descriptions - includes a variety of sentence structures - may include flashbacks, multiple narrators, foreshadowing - opens and ends in an interesting, satisfying manner

-contains a message about life (theme)

Descriptive

- vividly conveys what a place or person is like rather than telling a story- uses sensory details- uses language to zoom in or zoom out as if life a camera- uses sentence or paragraph structure to convey different elements of a description- includes vivid adjectives and active verbs- uses imagery and sound effect is to convey mood or atmosphere

Advertisement

Brand Name - share the name of the item being advertised. The brand name of the product or service frequently comes at the top of the advertisement.

· Target Audience - The target audience will affect the language and imagery choices made by the writer. Ask yourself what type of person the product or service is aimed at. This will determine the tone, register, and language choices of the writer.

· Can include 1st, 2nd or 3rd Person Point of View

· Persuasive language - use positive, professional language that will appeal to the customer. For example, "healthy," "life changing", "exclusive", "look no further", "one of a kind. "

· Positive connotations for word choice.

· Imperative verbs—tell the audience what actions to take.

· Include ethos, logos, and or pathos.

· Catchy slogan - a phrase that represents the product and makes people remember it - using alliteration, humor or rhyming.

· Rhetorical devices-hyperbole, onomatopoeia, simile, ect

· Include a Statement - what is the product and what does it do?

· Customer review - have a customer give a positive review on the product. For example, It's the best I've ever tasted! (Jack, 15, from Lincoln).

· Reference point - show someone that customers will respect supporting the product. For example, a famous footballer using a certain brand of boots.

· Special offer - try to entice the customer even more with a special offer. For example, buy one, get one free.

· Call to Action - The Call to Action is made up of a few sentences that invite the reader to take a specific action. This action might take the form of buying the product, sharing contact information, or, in the case of an online ad, clicking on a link to find out more about the product or service.

Brochure/ Leaflet Pamphlet

Promotes products but also causes. Can deliver important information.

· Target a particular audience (by age, interest).

· Use headlines, headings, subheadings, captions, slogans, [images, maps, and graphs] to engage the reader.

· Professional and easy to read (clear and concise)

· Contains longer sections of text than advertisements which are intended to convey information

· Include direct appeals to the audience using Ethos, Logos, and Pathos (should be easily identifiable).

· Includes Figurative Language

· Consultative register (somewhat more formal than advertisements)

· Include a "call to action"

· Includes contact information.

Speech

Begin with a hook to capture the audience's attention before making the overall topic of speech clear.

§ A powerful image: 'Imagine a huge clock - the slow, steady tick filling this room. Counting away the seconds and minutes we have left to act.'

§ A shocking or surprising fact: 'Recently, I found out that up to one million species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction at this very moment.'

§ A rhetorical question: 'Who wouldn't want to be a millionaire?

§ An anecdote: "I was five years old when I first realized the destructive power of a lie."

The Body:

§ Most important points are near the beginning of the speech

§ Follows a logical order. Signal words (transitions) show the relationships between ideas.

§ Includes the most important examples and facts as evidence.

§ Expresses a strong viewpoint but also acknowledges the "other side" of the debate and refute their reasoning.

Powerful Conclusion: Speeches end with phrases directed that the audience, powerful images, and memorable ideas.

§ 'I hope these ideas I've shared today will fill your thoughts on the way home. It is important that we...'

§ 'My final message to you is...', *Thank the audience for giving their time to listen.*

Language:

§ Rhetorical Devices (Hyperbole, Rhetorical Questions, Repetition, Rule of three)

§ Uses the 1st, 2nd or 3rd pov

§ Register depends on the audience. Typically, consultative to formal.

§ Rhetorical Appeals:

Ethos: (Evidence)/Logos: (Logic, Statistics) Pathos: (Emotion) Emotive language: Words and phrases deliberately and intentionally used to make your reader feel certain emotions

Discursive Essay

Discursive writing is when you consider a particular issue, problem, or situation and outline the arguments on both sides before coming to a reasoned conclusion.

Keys to effective discursive writing:

•Begins with a Introduction which includes a hook, bridge, and thesis

• Presents both or multiple points of view

• Written in a detached, objective manner (avoiding 1st person such as "I think...")

• Moves towards a more personal response at the end of the piece, at which point you give your verdict on the issue. • Includes connectives to show how ideas are related. IntroductionViewpoint A forViewpoint B forViewpoint C forViewpoint D againstViewpoint E againstViewpoint F againstConclusion/synthesis