AP Human Geography Review Packet

Flashcards based on key concepts from AP Human Geography review notes.

What are the two main categories of maps used by geographers?

Reference maps and thematic maps.

What is a choropleth map?

A thematic map that uses color or shading to show data, such as population density.

What does 'absolute location' refer to?

The precise position of a place on Earth, often expressed in latitude and longitude.

What is the Mercator projection primarily used for?

It preserves shape and direction but greatly distorts size near the poles, making it useful for navigation.

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data in geography?

Quantitative data is numerical and measured, while qualitative data is descriptive and captures meaning or context.

What is GIS?

Geographic Information Systems; computer systems that capture, store, and analyze data tied to specific locations.

What does 'distance decay' refer to?

The idea that the farther apart two places are, the less likely they are to interact frequently.

What is the Demographic Transition Model?

A model that shows how birth rates and death rates change as countries develop economically.

What are the four main types of regions?

Formal, functional, perceptual, and transitional regions.

What is urbanization?

The growth of cities and the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas.

What is 'gentrification'?

The process where wealthier individuals move into low-income neighborhoods, improving property and increasing rent.

What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

A set of 17 goals created by the United Nations to address global challenges including poverty, inequality, and climate change.

What is 'agglomeration' in urban geography?

The clustering of industries in a specific area to take advantage of shared resources and labor.

What are the effects of the Second Agricultural Revolution?

Increased agricultural efficiency, reduced need for labor, and better transportation for distributing crops.

What distinguishes primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary economic sectors?

They describe various levels of economic activity from extraction of natural resources to high-level decision making.

What does the term 'cultural landscape' mean?

The visible imprint of human activity on the physical environment, reflecting cultural beliefs and practices.

How does urban infrastructure affect the quality of life?

It determines access to services, impacts economic growth, and shapes social equity within a city.

What is the role of technology in economic development?

It enables industries to be more efficient and responsive to global demands, affecting location and growth.

What is a 'primate city'?

A city that is at least twice as large as the next largest city in the country and dominates its economy and culture.