Care of Pediatric Immune and Infectious Disorders

Flashcards covering the pediatric immunization schedule, vaccine adverse effects, otitis media management, and various communicable diseases.

Birth Immunization

Hepatitis B (HepB)

2 Months Immunizations

Hepatitis B (HepB), DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, and Rotavirus

4 Months Immunizations

DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, and Rotavirus

6 Months Immunizations

DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, Rotavirus, HepB, and flu

12–15 Months Immunizations

MMR, Varicella, Hib, and PCV

12–23 Months Immunization

Hepatitis A

15–18 Months Immunization

DTaP booster

4–6 Years Immunizations

DTaP, IPV, MMR, and Varicella boosters

11–12 Years Immunizations

Tdap, HPV series, and Meningococcal

16 Years Immunization

Meningococcal booster

Mild Adverse Effects to Immunizations

Redness, swelling, tenderness, and low-grade fever

Moderate Adverse Effects to Immunizations

High fever, inconsolable crying >3hrs, and seizures

Severe Adverse Effects to Immunizations

Acute encephalopathy

Contraindications to Immunizations

History of encephalopathy, immunodeficiency, allergy, and pregnancy

Precautions for Immunizations

Moderate to severe acute illness with or without fever, and recent blood or immunoglobulin infusion

Acute Otitis Media

An inflammation of the middle ear space

Manifestations of otitis media

Behavior changes, tugging at ear, turning head side to side, ear pain, fever

Chronic Otitis Media Complications

Hearing loss, difficulty communicating, feeling of fullness, tinnitus, or vertigo

Management of Acute Otitis Media

Myringotomy for recurrent cases, antibiotics, and pain and fever reducers

Common Risk Factors for Communicable Diseases

Immunocompromised, crowded living situations, poor sanitation, chronic illness, recent exposure, or not being up to date on immunizations

Viral Conjunctivitis

A very contagious eye infection caused by a virus characterized by watery discharge that clears up on its own

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

An eye infection characterized by purulent discharge that can cause serious damage if untreated

Allergic Conjuctivitis

Caused by eye irritants, seasonal

Mononucleosis

An infectious disease principally caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and transmitted via oral secretions

Manifestations of Mononucleosis

Fever, increased WBC, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and splenomegaly

Antibiotic in Mononucleosis

Antibiotics are contraindicated because they may cause a significant nonallergic, maculopapular rash during an active EBV infection

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

A disease spread via respiratory secretions characterized by fever, rhinorrhea, and an itchy rash on the face and extremities

Mumps

A contagious disease spread via respiratory droplets characterized by swollen parotid glands and body aches

Rubella (German Measles)

A disease spread via contact with respiratory secretions presenting with low grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and a red rash starting on the face

Rubeola (Measles)

A disease spread via respiratory secretions requiring airborne precautions, characterized by Koplik spots and a red-brown rash starting on the face

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

A respiratory infection spread via secretions characterized by coughing fits and a “whooping” sound on inspiration

Varicella (Chicken Pox)

A viral infection spread via respiratory secretions that starts on the trunk and spreads to the face and extremities; contagious until all lesions have formed crusts