Unit 3 and 4: China and Japan

Hongwu (Ming Dynasty)

First emperor of the Ming Dynasty by commanding a rebel army that drove the Mongols out of China

How did Hongwu support a large population?

Tax collection system (silver), increase food production, improving irrigation, restored civil-based service

Zheng He

Admiral who made 7 voyages to more than 16 countries across China and Japan, they dismantled his fleet after he died

What Chinese items are most sought out?

silk (through peasant labor) and ceramic

How did merchants improve their status?

By using their profits to purchase lands

“The Forbidden City”

Great palace complex built in Beijing, no commoners/foreigners allowed

Foreign policies in the Ming Dynasty

Only government able to conduct foreign trade through only three coastal ports

Birth of Qing Dynasty

The Machus (Jurchen) conquered the Ming and renamed their dynasty the Qing Dynasty

Manchu’s hairstyle

Queue (shaved front, long braid in back)

What was the only European country allowed to trade with the Japan?

the Dutch

Problems the Manchu faced

Farmland became sacrace, begin to neglect public works, peasant rebellions (losing Mandate of Heaven), resent control by foreigners

The West and their interactions with the Qing

Westerners seen as barbaric, only allowed to trade in South China, Westerners did not like tribute system, Europeans want: tea, open chinese markets, access to more regions in China

Tokugawa

Emerged as a new shogun after long civil war, structured society, rural to urban

What happened to the Kamakura Shogunate?

Daimyo took control of the land

Salaried samurai

Cultivate military and civil arts, establish schools, patron of the arts

“Closed country policy” in Japan

Strong leaders of Japan did not like the introduction of European ways