The Cell Cycle

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and terminology related to the cell cycle, emphasizing important processes like cell division, mitosis, and the regulation of the cell cycle.

Cell Division

The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

Mitosis

The type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm, producing two daughter cells.

Genome

All the DNA in a cell, which can consist of a single DNA molecule or many DNA molecules.

Chromosomes

Condensed and coiled DNA molecules for reproduction, carrying genes.

Sister Chromatids

Joined copies of the original chromosome, attached at the centromere.

Centromere

The narrow 'waist' of a duplicated chromosome where sister chromatids are attached.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for cell division.

G1 Phase

The first gap phase of interphase, characterized by normal cellular functions.

S Phase

The synthesis phase of interphase where DNA is replicated.

G2 Phase

The second gap phase of interphase, where the cell prepares for mitosis.

MPF (Maturation-Promoting Factor)

A cyclin-Cdk complex that triggers a cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase.

Cancer Cells

Cells that ignore checkpoints and signals, leading to uncontrolled division.

Binary Fission

A type of cell division in prokaryotes, where a bacterial chromosome replicates and the cell divides.

Tumor

A mass of abnormal cells that may be benign or malignant.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body.