The Rise of Evangelicalism and Great Awakening

These vocabulary flashcards cover the rise of Evangelicalism, the Great Awakening, and the influential figures and theological shifts during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Rationalism

Reliance on reason as the basis for establishment of truth, with an emphasis on understanding the world of nature.

Deism

A belief system emphasizing natural religion and morality while rejecting divine intervention.

Five Principals of Deism

The existence of God, obligation to worship God, ethical requirement of worship, need for repentance, and reward and punishment.

George Fox

A figure living in the $1600s$ who founded the Quakers, focused on scripture and experiences, and challenged the traditional church.

Quakers (Spiritualism)

A group that viewed structured worship as an obstacle to the spirit, allowed both men and women to speak, and placed authority in the Spirit rather than in Scripture.

Pietism

A response to rationalism emphasizing personal devotion, religious experience, and the belief that laity should engage in devotion and study.

Philipp Jakob Spener

The Father of Pietism who advocated for greater study of the Bible, practical Christianity, and small groups for encouragement and discipline.

John Wesley

Born in $1703$, he was an Oxford-educated founder of the Methodists who described his conversion as feeling his heart "strangely warmed."

The Holy Club

A club at Oxford started by Charles Wesley known as the Methodists due to their methodical lifestyle.

Wesleyan (Holiness) Theology

A theological framework characterized by Arminianism, sanctification, transformation of the heart, an emphasis on emotion, and lay preaching.

Arminianism

A Protestant theological position proposed by Jacobus Arminius stating that everyone is able to freely choose God and freely choose to abandon God.

Thomas Coke

A bishop appointed by Wesley over the church in the colonies, which resulted in the Methodists splitting from the Church of England.

George Whitefield

A Calvinist member of the Holy Club who led frontier revivals and emphasized the necessity of being "born again."

Jonathan Edwards

One of the most influential American theologians known for describing the religious revival of the $1700s$ and preaching "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."

The Great Awakening

A religious movement that swept away old patterns in the American colonies to form a new landscape of Evangelical Protestantism.

Evangelicalism Distinctives

Emphasis on spreading the Christian message, internal spiritual conversion, and emotion.