1.1

Bacillus

Rod-shaped bacteria

Bacteria

Prokaryotic, unicellular microorganisms typically having cell walls and lacking organells

Bacteriology

The science that studies bacteria

Binary Fission

Asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells resulting in 2 individual cells with genetic consistency

Capsule

A gelatinous coating that surrounds some bacterial cells that help protect against phagocytosis and assists with adhesion to surfaces

Cell wall

A rigid layer outside the cell membrane providing cellular shape and protecting against changes in osmotic pressures

Coccus

Spherical-shaped bacteria

Diplobacilli

A pair of bacilli linked end to end

Diplococci

Spherical bacteria that occurs in pairs

Endospore

A thick-walled body provided by a bacterium to enable it to survive unfavorable environmental conditions

Flagellum

A slender, thread-like appendage, generally several times the length of the cell; provides motility

Fungi

A group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous

Microbiology

Scientific study of microorganisms and their effect on other living organisms

Mycology

The study of fungi

Mycoplasmas

A group of bacteria that lack cell walls and are highly pleomorphic

Pilus

Filamentous protein appendages projecting from the surface of some bacterial cells that aid in adhesion to surfaces, very similar to fimbriae but are longer, the specialized sex pilus aids in transfer of DNA between cells in process of conjugation

Prion

An infectious self-replicating protein, involved in human and animal diseases of the central nervous system

Protozoology

Study of protozoa

Protozoa

Eukaryotic, animal-like, unicellular organisms

Spirillum

Spiral-shaped bacteria having rigid cell walls

Spirochete

Spiral-shaped bacteria having flexible cell walls

Syaphylococci

Gram-positive, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters

Streptobacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria occurring in chains

Streptococci

Spherical-shaped bacteria occurring in chains

Vibrio

A genus of spiral bacteria which are curved or bent rods that resemble commas

Virology

The study of viruses and viral disease

Viruses

Intracellular pathogens limited to replicating only in living cells, containing only one form of nucleic acid

Provide cellular shape and protect against changes in osmotic pressures

What is the function of a cell wall?

The active, growing, and metabolizing form

Describe the vegetative state of a bacterium

Survival mechanism triggered by extreme nutrient starvation and environmental stress.

Describe the sporulating state of a bacteria

Fungi

What type of microbe are yeasts and molds?

Eukaryote has a nucleus prokaryote has no nucleus and cell wall

What is the major difference between a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

Budding

How do yeasts reproduce?

Single-celled

Are bacteria singe-celled or multi-celled?

Binary Fission (simple cell division)

How do bacteria reproduce?

1 form of nucleic acid

What does a virus consist of?

Pilus and fimbriae

What structures allows a bacterium to adhere to host tissue?

Coccus, bacillus, curved

What are the three classifications of bacterial shapes?

Coccus

Which type of bacteria is spherical-shaped?

Bacillus

Which type of bacteria is rod-shaped?

Spirochete, Spirillum, vibrio

What are the three subdivisions of sprial-shaped bacteria?

Diplo

What word/prefix describes an arrangement in which two cells are paired together?

Staphylo

What word/prefix describes an arrangement in which several cells are attached together to form a cluster?

Strepto

What word/prefix describes an arrangement in which several cells are attached to form a chain?