7.1 AI

“How use of AI can improve safety and efficiency of factory”

• Machines can learn from past mistakes

  • Adapt to stop problem from occurring again

  • Learn to predict what might happen and raise an alert

• Machines can learn how to work more efficiently

  • When an action slows the system down, it can prevent this happening again

  • When an action increases the speed of the system, it can repeat when necessary to improve the efficiency

AI use in supermarket - camera reads labels and outputs as audio

• Image recognition/optical character recognition

• Analyses pixels to identify location of characters in image

• Convert pattern of pixels to individual characters

• Natural language

• Combines characters into words

• Compares words to database to identify match in language of writing

• Predict missing words

• Compare words to database in user’s chosen language to match and translate

• Text to speech

• Generate audio waveforms for corresponding words

“Describe how a computer would use AI to play the board game”

• Store the rules/past moves of the game

• Trained by playing many times

• AI will look ahead at possible moves

  • And analyse the pattern of past choices

  • Choose the move most likely to be successful

• Computer could learn how to improve // learn from previous mistakes

  • By storing positive/negative result of choices

  • And changing its future choices

“Describe one application of AI”

Police identifying wanted people:

• Uses image recognition

  • To identify items in an image

Natural language interfaces:

• Use speech recognition to identify words that are spoken

  • And adapts to learn regional accents

Self-driving cars:

• Detects its position on the road and within the traffic

• Follows a route // self-parking

Spoken interfaces:

• Uses natural language processing

  • To take a sentence and work out its meaning

Game playing:

• Models characters in a computer game

  • To allow computer characters to react according to the players’ movements

“Social impact of using facial recognition software to identify individuals in an airport”

• Incorrect recognition of faces lead to mistakes such as

  • Access to facilities (that should not be granted)

• Privacy issues

• Individuals feel safer

  • Reduction in crime

• Faster boarding

• Catching criminals

“One economic impact the AI module may have on the garage (AI diagnoses faults and suggests repairs”

Reduce costs to the garage:

• Because less time taken for diagnosis

Increase profits for the garage:

• As technicians spend more time repairing, so completing more jobs in a day

Decrease costs passed to customer:

• So garage may gain customers

Profit margins can be reduced:

• Because Because program may be expensive to maintain/update

“How AI is used in a CCTV system to identify presence of person in house and track movements”

• Uses image recognition

• Monitors every image taken to identify matching features to a ‘person’

  • Starts recording to secondary storage when a person is identified

• System identifies direction of movement of person and uses this to decide where to move the camera

• System identifies other cameras to start recording based on direction of movement

“How AI is used in a program to convert user’s speech into commands”

Uses speech recognition

• Identifies key phrases

• Matches these to a database

• Generates most likely sentence

“How AI is used by the camera to automatically focus on the faces of people”

Uses facial recognition:

• Image recognition

• Takes each frame individually

• Analyses the pixels

• Stores the pattern for a face

• Looks for patterns that match to the pattern for a face

Camera focuses on the pattern identified

“How AI is used in facial recognition”

• Captures an image of the face

• Uses image recognition

• Trained to identify the features of a face in an image

  • Using a large number of images

• Analyses image/pixels for facial features

• Uses the probability of a match

“How AI will be used for communication with customers to order”

• Speech recognition used

  • To identify if someone is speaking

• The sound is recorded and analysed

• The audio recordings are compared to a database of words/sound waves

  • TO identify the word that has highest probability of being said

• Natural language recognition is used

• Words are combined and compared to known sentences

  • Programmed actions for matching sentences are performed

“How AI is used in car park system to identify the car’s registration number”

• Image recognition

• The pixels of each image from the camera are stored

  • And matched to the expected shape/size/color of registration number

• Uses optical character recognition

• The pixels within the registration number area identified are analysed

  • And compared to the expected characters/letters/numbers

Negative social impacts of AI for homework

• May miss out on developing reasoning and problem solving skills

• Negative impacts on communication - limit collaboration, teamwork

• Digital divide - some students may not have access to technology

• AI might be incorrect - mis-information

• Increased screen time and isolation = anxiety or loneliness

Negative social impacts of AI for homework

• Additional support, student may do better

• Pupils who struggle in traditional settings may gain self-esteem through AI assisted learning at their own pace

Long-term social impacts of AI for homework

• Protection of intellectual property

• Schools may need to redesign curricula to integrate AI

AI to identify customers

• Image recognition

• Measures distance between facial features of the customer

• Stores values in a database of user information

• Image captured using digital camera

• AI identifies image is a face

  • by analysing pixels to find patterns

• Distance between features is calculated and compared to those in database