Anatomy 5

What is the glomerulus?

Capillary tuft

What is a renal pyramid and its associated cortex referred to?

Lobe

. Approximately how many nephrons are there in each kidney?

1,000,000

What vessel is a branch of the interlobular artery?

Afferent arteriole

What type of tissue lines the bladder?

Transitional epithelium

What is the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex called?

Renal columns

What vessels arise fromthe efferent arteriole?

Peritubular capillaries

Which structure does the proximal convoluted lead to?

Loop of Henle

What is the correct term for the foot processes on podocytes?

Pedicels

What is the space between the renal pyramids called?

Renal columns

What vessel supplies blood to the glomerulus?

Afferent arteriole

What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Where is renin secreted from?

Juxtaglomerular cells

What are the"straight vessels"

vasa recta

What is the inner region of the kidney called?

medulla

What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus?

Bowman's capsule

Where are podocytes seen?

Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

What vessel is formed from an aggregation of the glomerular capillaries?

Efferent arteriole

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

Which structure leads to the collecting duct?

Distal convoluted tubule

What is the name for the entry point to the kidney for nerves, blood vessels, ureters and lymphatics?

Hilus

Where are all the glomeruli of the kidney located?

Cortex

What structure does the blood from the afferent arteriole enter?

Glomerulus

What structure prevent food entering nasal cavity

Uvula

The first respiratory branches after the trachea are called

Primary bronchi

What covers the glottis during swallowing?

Epiglottis

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

At or in the respiratory membranes of the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles.

Where does internal respiration occur?

Between systemic capillaries and tissue cells.

Which of the following cells is NOT found in the alveoli of the lungs?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

What reduces the surface tension of the alveolar fluid?

Surfactant.

Which region is shared between the respiratory and digestive systems?

Oropharynx.

Where does the exchange of respiratory gases NOT occur?

Terminal bronchioles.

What is the opening within the larynx that leads to the trachea?

Glottis.

How many lobes does the right lung have compared to the left lung?

3 lobes for the right lung; 2 lobes for the left lung.

Where are the vocal cords located?

In the larynx.

Which structure is NOT part of the 'conducting zone' within the respiratory system?

Alveoli.

What is the actual name of the Adam's Apple?

Laryngeal prominence.

What indicates the ending of the conducting zone in the respiratory tract?

Terminal bronchiole.

What is the smallest and last tube the air flows through before reaching the alveoli?

Respiratory bronchiole.

What is the surface of the lung that contacts the ribs of the thorax called?

Costal surface.

What are the 'ridges' that create air turbulence within the nasal cavity called?

Nasal conchae.

What part covers the glottis and is part of the larynx?

Epiglottis.

What is the structure that looks like a keel located at the base of the trachea?

Carina.

The right lung has

2 fissures and 3 lobes

What is squeezed in between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa?

Myenteric plexus

What glands in the stomach are responsible for secreting an enzyme for the breakdown of proteins?

Gastric glands

What is the part of the visceral and parietal peritoneum that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach called?

Greater omentum

What is the 'trap-door' of the larynx that prevents food from entering the opening of the trachea?

Epiglottis

What is peristalsis?

Waves of muscular contraction that move food along the digestive tract.

What is the most superficial tunic of the small intestine?

Tunica serosa

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an accessory structure of the digestive system?

Duodenum

What stabilizes the liver against the anterior abdominal wall?

Falciform ligament

The common bile duct is formed by the merger of which two ducts?

Hepatic and cystic ducts.

Where would amylase NOT be found?

Stomach

What are the permanent ridges within the small intestine called?

Plicae circulares

What is the membrane attached to the inferior surface of the tongue called?

Frenulum

Which part of a tooth most closely resembles bone tissue?

Dentin

What is the tunica mucosa of the esophagus lined with?

Stratified squamous epithelium.

What do parietal cells secrete, whereas chief cells secrete pepsinogen?

HCl.

What is the sphincter or valve between the esophagus and the stomach known as?

Cardiac sphincter.

Which of the following structures does NOT increase the surface area for absorption?

Taeniae coli.

Where are Kupffer cells, which are phagocytic cells, found?

Liver.

What prevents food from entering the small intestine?

Pyloric valve.

Which gastrointestinal layer is characterized by having tough, fibrous connective tissue?

Serosa.

What are the layers of the digestive tube from lumen outward?

Mucosa → Submucosa → Muscularis → Serosa.

How many teeth are produced in an average lifetime?

52.

What is the muscular layer farthest from the lumen?

Longitudinal layer.

What prevents food from moving from the oral cavity into the nasal cavity?

Uvula.

Which nervous system division usually stimulates and promotes digestion?

Parasympathetic.

Where does most nutrient absorption happen in the small intestine?

Jejunum.

What is segmentation?

Mixing movement of food.

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the small intestine?

Taeniae coli.

Which of the following is NOT located in the retroperitoneal position?

Stomach.

What is the inner part of the ovary?

Medulla

What is the cavity within a secondary follicle?

Antrum

During the first week to 10 days, what hormone stimulates follicle growth?

FSH

What is ovulated?

Secondary oocyte

What is the outer part of the ovary?

Cortex

Which structure contains the oocyte?

Follicle

The appearance of the antrum is a characteristic of which stage?

Secondary follicle

What capsule surrounds the ovary?

Tunica albuginea

What is another term for the mature follicle?

Graafian follicle

What is the connective tissue layer around the primary follicle?

Theca folliculi

What are the follicular cells?

Granulosa cells

Ovulation is triggered by which hormone?

LH

The cells in the testes responsible for sperm development

Sertoli cells

Which cells produce testosterone?

Leydig cells

How many seminiferous tubules are found in each testis?

400–600

Which is NOT part of the male genital duct system?

Seminal vesicles

What type of hormone is testosterone?

Steroid

What is the surface modification in the epididymis?

Stereocilia

What type of hormone is testosterone?

Steroid

What type of epithelium is in the prostate?

Simple columnar

What type of epithelium lines the epididymis?

Pseudostratified