Cold War

answer with term

Cold Conflict

Not fighting directly but preparing

Yalta conference

Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin gathered to reorganize Europe

Nuremburg war trials

international criminal trials held against leaders of defeated Nazi Germany

Iron curtain

A wall around communist nations; goal was to spread communism in east Europe

George Kennan

Came up with the idea of containment; keeping communism from spreading

Espionage

The Soviet unions KGB and the United States’ CIA

United Nations

Replaced the League of Nations

United Nations Security Council

Made up of fifteen nations- five permanent; has the power to veto

U.S., Russia, Britian, France, China

Five permanent nations in the united nations security council

Potsdam conference

divided Germany into 4 states; stalin bugged everything

Satellite nations/ Puppet states

Nations under another countries rule

The Dardanelles

The Soviet Union pressured Turkey to allow military control of the straits and establish Soviet naval bases, a demand that Turkey refused to accept

Truman Doctrine

Pleged economic support to anti-communist countries and military aid; goal was to contain the soviets

Marshall Plan

Provided food, machines, and other materials to any European country that needed rebuilding; named after George Marshall; also known as foreign assistance aid

Berlin Airlift

U.S. aids east Germans with food and supplies through airplanes over the wall

NATO

North Atlantic treaty organization

Nations in the Warsaw pact

Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania

Warsaw pact

A collective defense treaty and military alliance established on by the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

SEATO

Nations in SEATO

United States, France, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, Philippines, Pakistan

Decolonization

the process by which colonized territories gain independence from imperial rule, transitioning to autonomous statehood

M.A.D

Mutually assured destruction

Hyrodgen bomb

Nicknamed “mike”

Yuri Gagrin

Soviet cosmonaut and pilot who became the first person to travel into space

Sputnik

The first Russian satellite

John Glenn

The first to orbit the Earth, circling it three times; Mecury Program member

US Apollo 11

American spaceflight that first successfully landed humans on the Moon

ICBM

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

HUAC

House unamerican commitee; symbol of fear of communism

Joe McCarthy

Communist hunter; Wisconsin senator; accused the army; symbol of hysteria

Alger Hiss

Spy for the soviets; an american government official

Julius and Ethel Rosenburg

A couple that passed secrets to the soviets; executed via electrical chair

The Hollywood ten

Actors, writers, producers, who refused to answer questions regarding their possible communist affiliations

Blacklisted

Cant be hired

FRG

Federal republic of Germany

GDR

German democratic of Germany; east Germany

Stasi

Soviet Unions secret police

Nikita Khrushchev

Leader of USSR after stalin’s death; used to be a coal miner

Khrushchev’s Peaceful Cooexistence

Tried to win allies with aid in the 3rd world

Berlin wall

People were leaving east Germany so a wall was built to keep people in

Peoples Republic of China

The china under Mao’s rule

38th

What parallel was korea divided on

Soviets

North Korea was occupied by ______

United States

South Korea was occupied by ______

Sygnman Rhee

Preisdent of Korea during the Korean war

Kim il Sung

Dictator who founded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

ROK

Republic of Korea

Where was the north invaded by suprise

Pyongang

Truman acts

Passed a resolution to send troops to Korea; soviets couldn’t veto because they boycotted

Macarthur

The person that took charge if the UN troops in Korea; planned to land the army behind the norths main force

Mao’s long march

Secretly moved 300,000 troops to the north on foot

No peace treaty

How did the war in Korea end?

Fidel Castro

Led a communist revolution to overthrow the US backed dictator of Cuba Juan Bautista

Che Guevara

An Argentine Marxist revolutionary, guerrilla leader, diplomat, politician, and military theorist

John F Kennedy

Anti-communist president; supported a coup attempt on Castro

Bay of the pigs

a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba by the United States and the Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front

Destalinization

a political reform process in the Soviet Union that dismantled Joseph Stalin’s totalitarian controls, cult of personality, and Gulag labor system

U-2 Spy plane

Plane with a lot of cameras that was shot down in Russia; caught photos of missiles in Cuba

The deal between the Soviet union and United States

Soviets remove the missiles from Cuba if the United States promised not to invade and took their missiles out of Turkey

Taiping rebellion

a civil war in China between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; the conflict lasted 14 years

Mongol invasion

a series of devastating military campaigns by the Mongol Empire that forged the largest contiguous land empire in history

Qing empire

assembled the territorial base for modern China

Boxer rebellion

an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China

The Kuomintang

Nationalist peoples party in China

Sun Yat-Sen

political philosopher who founded the Republic of China and the Kuomintang

Henry Pu Yi

last emperor of China, having reigned as the Xuantong Emperor of the Qing dynasty and later as the Kangde Emperor of Manchukuo

Revolution of 1911

culminated in the end of China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China

Three principles of the people

1.) Nationalism

2.) Peoples rights (democracy)

3.) People’s livelyhood (reform)

Mao Zedong

The Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and leader of china

Chiang Kai-shek

Supporters were rich people; President of nationalist china

Dark Day or Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

violent military crackdown against pro-democracy protesters in china

Taiwon

Where did the chinese nationlists’ flee to?

Chinese famine under Mao

3x worse than the Holocaust

Agrarian reform

property of rural landlords was confiscated and redistributed

Mao’s 5-year plan; The great leap forward

forcibly organized the rural population into large, self-sufficient communes and attempted to boost steel production through the use of backyard furnaces

Ussuri River

seven-month undeclared military conflict between the Soviet Union and China in 1969

Cultural revolution

Declared war on the 4 olds; highschool and college students used maos little red book to carry out his ideals

The 4 olds

old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits

Dunce caps

paper "dunce caps" and degrading placards to publicly humiliate and punish suspected anti-revolutionaries, intellectuals, and political rivals

Indochina

Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

Chi Minh

founded the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945; first president of north Vietnam

Lyndon Johnson

US president that vowed to protect south Vietnam

8 years

How long did the war in Vietnam last?

Jungle War

US won every battle thanks to helicopters; vietnamese hid in underground tunnels

NVA

North Vietnamese Army

Vietcong

a communist-led political organization and guerrilla army in South Vietnam that fought against the South Vietnamese and U.S. governments during the Vietnam War

Cambodian genocide

the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge under the general secretaryship of Pol Pot

Khmer rouge

a radical communist movement that ruled Cambodia; Led by Pol Pot, their attempt to create an agrarian socialist utopia

Pol Pot

dictator who ruled Democratic Kampuchea until his overthrow during the Cambodian–Vietnamese War

Detente

co existence

The Mujahideen

Islamic guerrilla fighters or holy warriors during the USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan

ten years

How long did the USSR’s invasion of Afghanistan last?

Osama Bin Laden

After founding the terrorist organization al Qaeda, he engineered a series of attacks in multiple countries that killed thousands

Soviet hind helicopter

large helicopter gunship, attack helicopter and low-capacity troop transport with room for eight passengers

Stinger missile

allows a single soldier or small team to engage and destroy low-flying aircraft; given to the Afghans by America

Mikhail Gorbachev

a Soviet and Russian politician who was the last leader of the Soviet Union

Politburo men

The elite all-male Politburo Standing Committee in China; Handpicked by President Xi Jinping

Glasnot

Openess; open up the secret society

Perestroika

Economic restructuring

Velvet revolution

non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia