CHAPTER 7 (new)

Hearing

Physiologically perceiving sound.

Listening

The process of recognizing, understanding, and interpreting a message.

Affective component (of listening)

The degree to which we are willing to listen.

Cognitive component (of listening)

Involves selecting (choosing one sound over others), attending (focusing on the message), and understanding (making sense of the message).

Behavioral component (of listening)

Involves communicating that we remember by giving feedback or paraphrasing statements.

Active listeners

Individuals who make deliberate choices about selecting, attending, and understanding, and are generally more competent than passive listeners.

Listening fidelity

The degree to which the thoughts of the listener agree with the intentions of the source of the message.

Relational listening

Used to establish and maintain relationships.

Task-oriented listening

Used to focus on clear and pertinent information quickly.

Analytical listening

Used to explore all ideas before making judgments.

Critical listening

Used to find inconsistencies or errors.

Social listening

Used to manage multiple messages across digital channels.

Listening barriers

Factors that interfere with our ability to comprehend information and respond appropriately.

Environmental factors

External elements (e.g., text message alerts, crying babies) that impair listening ability.

Hearing loss challenges

Difficulties in listening due to hearing impairment, which can be overcome with understanding of nonverbal behaviors and speaker accommodations.

Processing challenges

Difficulties faced by individuals with normal hearing (e.g., ADHD) that affect listening.

Listening apprehension

Anxiety or dread associated with listening, which may hinder concentration.

Multitasking

Attending to several things at once, which limits focus on any one task.

Boring speaker or topic

Makes following difficult, while overexcitement can also be distracting.

Overconfidence

May cause one to become lazy and not pay careful attention during communication.

Defensive listening

Responding with aggression and arguing with the speaker without fully listening to the message.

Confabulation

Fabricating facts to mask defensiveness.

Biased listening

Zeroing in on bits of information that confirm an existing point of view.

Insensitive listening

Occurs when one fails to pay attention to the emotional content of someone’s message and just takes it at face value.

Self-absorbed listeners

Individuals who listen for their own needs.

Monopolistic listening

Listening in order to control the communication interaction.

Pseudolistening

Pretending to listen while not really paying attention.

Competent listeners

Adapt their listening goals to the person, situation, and culture.

Advantages of listening well

Helps career, saves time and money, creates opportunities, and strengthens relationships.