Xray

Ionization

When electron gets knocked out of its shell

What makes an Atom stable?

The same number of electrons as protons

Atoms

In the orbit outside of the nucleus of an atom are electrons (-). The electrons circle the nucleus inside of the shell

Natural Radiation

Cosmic radiation, sun and stars, Greater altitudes. Earth-radon gas, blg material, uranium

Radiation equivalent man

(Rem) SIU- sievert. Accounts for different kinds of radiation and biological effects

Absorbed dose

(Rad) SIU- gray. Measures the amount of energy absorbed in any medium

Somatic effect

Long term effect of radiation. General body cells concerned with general body functions except for sexual reproduction 1-30 years. Effects: Birth defect, cancer-leukimia, catara, general life span shortening, premature aging, death

Roentgen

SIU- columbs per kilogram, measures exposure in the air, not used to express absorbed dose to individuals

Compton effect

Incident x-ray protons interact with outter shell electrons. Electron is ejected from and photon travels in different direction with a larger wavelenth with less energy

Man made Radiation

Several microwave ovens, smoke detectors, tanning beds, video moniters

Occupational personnel

Must be worn collar level, outside of lead apron, device must be facing foward. Pregnant radiographers wear a second device waist level inside of their lead apron. Regular badges read every 3 months. Fetal badges read once per month

Protect the patient

Time decrease, distance increase, sheilding, x-ray beam restriction-collimation, filtration, ALARA- as low as reasonably achievable

Photoelectric

Occurs when an incident x-ray interacts with an inner shell electron. X-ray photon disappears and electron is ejected

Genetic effects

Long term effect of radiation, Germ cell-sperm ovaries transmitted to future generations. Germ cells contain 23 chromosones but can function with 46. Somatic cells must function with 46. Effects: DNA

Cells sensitive to radiation?

Thyroid, gonalds

Pregnancy

Age range to ask 10-55. Pregnant woman can be imaged rule strictly applies benefit must outweigh risk. Pregnant woman can work in field, can ask for fetal badge worn at waist and read once every month

Acute radiation

Short term affect of radiation. Large doses in little time. Effects: hematological depression, gastrointestinal death, central nervous system death, death