Solubility and Solubility Product (Ksp)

These flashcards cover key concepts related to solubility and the solubility product constant (Ksp) based on the provided lecture notes.

Ksp

The solubility product constant, representing the equilibrium constant for a saturated solution of a sparingly soluble salt.

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature, often expressed in g/100g water or mol/L.

Dynamic Equilibrium

A state in which the rate of dissolution of a solute is equal to the rate of precipitation of the solute back to its solid form.

Common Ion Effect

The reduction in solubility of an ionic compound when a common ion is added to the solution.

Saturation Point

The point at which no more solute can dissolve in a solvent, leading to a saturated solution.

Equilibrium Expression

A mathematical expression that relates the concentrations of the products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium.

Precipitation

The process in which a solid forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

Concentration

The amount of a substance (solute) in a given volume of solution.

Ionic Product (Qsp)

The product of the concentrations of the ions in a solution, which can be used to predict whether precipitation will occur.

Factors Affecting Solubility

Conditions such as temperature, pH, and interactions between solute and solvent that can influence how much solute can dissolve.

Lead(II) Chloride

An example of an insoluble salt, with a solubility of 0.99g per 100g of water.

Sodium Chloride

An example of a soluble salt, with a solubility of 36g per 100g of water.

Kidney Stones

Solid masses formed from crystals that can occur in the kidneys often related to factors influencing solubility.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains the maximum concentration of a solute that can dissolve at a specified temperature.

Temperature Dependence of Ksp

The solubility product constant varies with temperature and generally increases as temperature rises.

Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

A value that expresses the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium.

Molar Solubility

The number of moles of solute that can dissolve in a liter of solvent to form a saturated solution.