Ch. 6 Punishment

Week 3

Punishment

A consequence that weakens or decreases operant behavior.

Aversive Stimulus

A stimulus that is considered unpleasant and can be used in punishment.

Positive Punishment

A type of punishment where an aversive stimulus is presented after a behavior.

Negative Punishment

A type of punishment where a favorable stimulus is removed after a behavior.

Premack Principle

A principle used in punishment that involves decreasing a high probability behavior by requiring a low probability behavior.

Unconditioned Punisher

A natural punisher that has survival value, like avoiding pain.

Conditioned Punisher

A stimulus that gains its punishing power through association with unconditioned punishers.

Immediacy in Punishment

The principle that states the closer in time a punishing consequence follows a behavior, the more effective it is.

Contingency in Punishment

The effectiveness of punishment is increased if it consistently follows the behavior.

Intrinsic Punishment

Punishment that is an inherent aspect of the behavior being punished.

Extrinsic Punishment

Punishment that is not inherently part of the behavior but follows it.

Reprimands

A common form of positive punishment often involving verbal disapproval.

Response Blocking

Physically preventing an individual from completing a problem behavior.

Contingent Exercise

Requiring the individual to perform an exercise unrelated to the problem behavior as a punishment.

Overcorrection

A punishment technique where the individual is required to correct the consequences of their behavior.

Time Out

A method of negative punishment involving the removal from a positive reinforcer.

Response Cost

A form of negative punishment where a reinforcer or part of a reinforcer is removed.

Discriminated Punisher

When punishment is effective in some conditions but not others.

Generalized Punisher

When a punisher is effective in most situations, such as the word 'no'.

Magnitude of Punisher

The strength or severity of the punishment which affects behavior change.

Emotional Reactions to Punishment

Punishment can lead to aggression or emotional distress in individuals.

Ethics of Punishment

The moral considerations regarding the use of punishment in behavior modification.