DH228: M1 M2 M3 M4 KC

The pathologic lesion seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue is characteristic of:

Fissured tongue

Hairy tongue

Median rhomboid glossitis

Migratory glossitis

Median rhomboid glossitis

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with what condition?

Thrush

Tuberculosis

Verruca vulgaris

Herpangina

Verruca vulgaris

All conditions are associated with lingual varicosities except one. Which is the exception?

Red to purple enlarged vessels

May be associated with varicosities in the legs

Age-related condition

May swell during eating

May swell during eating

The following conditions most likely respond to therapeutic diagnosis except one. Which one is the

exception?

Angular cheilitis

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Nutritional deficiencies

Stafne bone cyst

Stafne bone cyst

A radiolucency that "scallops around the roots of teeth" is often used to describe which condition?

Traumatic bone cyst

Stafne bone cyst

Lingual mandibular bone concavity

Median palatine cyst

Traumatic bone cyst

This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in an

autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which condition is

suspected?

Palatal cyst

Torus palatinus

Mixed tumor

Ranula

Torus palatinus

What is the radiographic appearance of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia in its earliest stage?

Radiolucent

Radiopaque

Radiolucent and radiopaque

Cotton-wool radiolucencies

Radiolucent

Which condition is not considered a variant of normal?

Fordyce granules

Leukoedema

Linea alba

Pyogenic granuloma

Pyogenic granuloma

When geographic tongue occurs on the dorsal tongue, the erythematous areas are described as

inflamed

depapillated

allergic

fungal

depapillated

Serous fluid can typically be found in which lesion?

Bulla

Lobule

Macule

Papule

Bulla

Each condition is considered a variant of normal except one. Which is the exception?

Melanin pigmentation

Linea alba

Geographic tongue

Retrocuspid papilla

Geographic tongue

Which term describes a lesion that displays a color different from surrounding tissue?

Bulla

Lobule

Macule

Papule

Macule

An example of an irreversible cellular response that occurs during tissue injury is termed

atrophy

hypertrophy

hyperplasia

necrosis

necrosis

Neutrophils constitute what percentage of the entire white blood cell population?

5%

20%

65%

90%

65%

Which lesion occurs on the gingiva or alveolar process and contains many multinucleated giant cells, red blood cells, and chronic inflammatory cells?

Ranula

Central giant cell granuloma

Fibroma

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

Which permanent tooth would most likely demonstrate abfraction?

#7

#13

#18

#27

#13

Which cell is the first to arrive at the site of injury and is the primary cell type involved in acute

inflammation?

Macrophage

Neutrophil

Plasma cell

Mast cell

Neutrophil

Which type of inflammation occurs when the injury is minimal and brief and its source is removed from

the tissue?

Acute

Chronic

Local

Systemic

Acute

Which symptom is a systemic sign of inflammation?

Redness

Pain

Loss of normal tissue function

Fever

Fever

Bruxism is a form of

abrasion

attrition

erosion

abfraction

attrition

Which inflammatory periapical lesion is most painful?

Periapical abscess

Periapical granuloma

Radicular cyst

Residual ctsy

Periapical abscess

Your patient presents with tooth structure that has been lost around occlusal restorations. The amalgam

restorations appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure. Identify the traumatic

injury to the teeth that has occurred:

Attrition

Abrasion

Abfraction

Erosion

Erosion

These elongated folds of tissue are a result of irritation from an ill-fitting denture. The accurate diagnosis

for this lesion is

palatal papillomatosis

gingival hyperplasia

chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

epulis fissuratum

epulis fissuratum

A patient comes to the office for an emergency visit complaining of a toothache in the left posterior

mandible. On clinical examination you notice a gray-to-white patch on the left posterior buccal mucosa.

On questioning, the patient tells you that this area is also painful. After reviewing the patient's medical

history, you question the patient regarding his recent use of

hydrogen peroxide

aspirin

antibiotics

mouthwash

aspirin

Each factor may impair healing except one. Which is the exception?

Tobacco use

Staphylococcus

Nutritional supplements

Renal failure

Nutritional supplements

A lesion with a sessile base is described as

an ulcer

stemlike

pedunculated

flat and broad

flat and broad

A white lesion that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical characteristics alone is termed

leukoplakia

dentinogenesis

imperfecta

erythroplakia

squamous cell carcinoma

leukoplakia

While obtaining diagnostic information from a patient, the dental hygienist learns that the appearance of this patient's teeth is familial. The correct diagnosis is

tetracycline staining

pulpal dysplasia

extrinsic staining

dentinogenesis imperfecta

dentinogenesis imperfecta

A small, circumscribed lesion, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue is termed a

papule

macule

vesicle

bulla

papule

In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually

well circumscribed

diffuse

multilocular

unilocular

diffuse

Diagnosis of anemia is best accomplished through which examination?

Laboratory tests

Evaluation of the color of the gingiva

Bleeding on probing

Patient medical history

Laboratory tests

Benign migratory glossitis is a condition that does not remain static. What does this statement mean?

A variety of over-the-counter treatments are available for this condition

Surgical intervention may be required

Remission and changes in the surface of the tongue occur

An intraoral habit is responsible for this condition

Remission and changes in the surface of the tongue occur

An elevated serum alkaline phosphate level, significant in the diagnosis of Paget disease, is determined from which diagnostic category?

Laboratory

Therapeutic

Clinical

Surgical

Laboratory

The eight categories that provide information leading to a definitive diagnosis are as follows: microscopic, clinical, laboratory, surgical, differential findings, radiographic, therapeutic, and

etiology

historical

chief complaint

treatment

historical

The following lesions can be identified radiographically except one. Which one is the exception?

Root resorption

Fordyce granules

Interproximal dental caries

Compound odontoma

Fordyce granules

Which medication is a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug?

Aspirin

Prednisone

Ibuprofen

Motrin

Prednisone

The first sign of attrition is

open contacts

disappearance of mamelons on incisors

temporomandibular joint dysfunction

biomechanical forces on the teeth

disappearance of mamelons on incisors

All statements are true concerning the neutrophil except that the neutrophil is

the first cell at the site of injury

the primary cell in acute inflammation

the primary cell in chronic inflammation

a phagocyte

the primary cell in chronic inflammation

Epulis fissuratum is caused by

denture adhesive products

poor suction in the palatal vault

poor denture hygiene

an ill-fitting denture flange

an ill-fitting denture flange

Serous exudate is composed of which material(s)?

Tissue debris and many white blood cells

Suppuration

Plasma fluids and proteins with a few white blood cells

Plasma fluids and red blood cells

Plasma fluids and proteins with a few white blood cells

Traumatic neuroma is a lesion caused by injury to which structure?

The epithelium

A peripheral nerve

A salivary gland

Striated muscle

A peripheral nerve

This lesion on the palate is typically associated with heavy pipe and cigar smoking and is termed

tobacco pouch keratosis

necrotizing sialometaplasia

nicotine stomatitis

frictional keratosis

nicotine stomatitis

The fluid with a high protein content that leaves the microcirculation during the inflammatory process is termed

transudate

margination

exudate

pavementing

exudate

Which statement is characteristic of erosion?

It is a pathologic wearing away of tooth structure that results from a repetitive mechanical habit

It is caused by local factors such as occlusal interferences in combination with stress and tension

If tooth structure is lost around a restoration, the restoration will appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure

Its first clinical sign is the disappearance of mamelons on the anterior teeth and the flattening of occlusal cusps on the molar teeth

If tooth structure is lost around a restoration, the restoration will appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure

The most common site for the development of a pulp polyp is

the occlusal surface of a large open carious tooth

the apex of the tooth

the gingival margin of the tooth

deep in the pulp canal

the occlusal surface of a large open carious tooth

The inflammatory response is a dynamic process, continually changing in response to injury and repair. Repair of tissue occurs only if the persistent source of injury is removed.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first statement is true; the second is false

The first statement is false; the second is true

Both statements are true

Which does not cause gingival enlargement?

Hormonal changes

Calcium channel blockers

Hereditary factors

Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin

The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which medication is the likely cause?

Dilantin

Nifedipine

Quinidine

Clozapine

Nifedipine

Which finding is not apparent in leukoedema?

Intracellular edema in the spinous cells

Acanthosis of the epithelium

Generalized opalescence of the buccal mucosa

A white diffuse material on the buccal mucosa that can be wiped off

A white diffuse material on the buccal mucosa that can be wiped off

Which statement about a palatal torus is true?

A palatal torus is symptomatic

A palatal torus appears as a radiolucent mass on a radiograph

Palatal tori are typically bilateral, seen along the lingual side of the maxilla

Palatal tori are inherited

Palatal tori are inherited

Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?

Angular cheilitis

Amelogenesis imperfecta

Paget disease

Stafne Bene cyst

Angular cheilitis

Urticaria is an example of a(n)

genetic disorder

developmental disturbance

immediate response to an allergen

immunodeficiency response

immediate response to an allergen

These reddish-purple clusters observed on the ventral surface of the tongue and diagnosed through clinical observation are referred to as which variants of normal conditions?

Palatal cyst

Mandibular tori

Lingual varicosities

Ranula

Lingual varicosities

When antifungal therapy is used to treat angular cheilitis, which diagnostic process is being applied?

Microscopic

Laboratory

Surgical

Therapeutic

Therapeutic

Ectopic geographic tongue can be found in which location?

On the lateral border of the tongue

Within bone

On mucosal surfaces other than the tongue

The dorsal surface of the tongue

On mucosal surfaces other than the tongue

A decrease in the size and function of a cell, a tissue, an organ, or the body is referred to as

emigration

atrophy

hyperplasia

phagocytosis

atrophy

Resorption of tooth structure from outside the tooth is termed

internal resorption

external resorption

idiopathic tooth resorption

condensing osteitis

external resorption

Electric burns in the oral area are usually seen in which patient group?

Electricians

Infants and young children

Elderly

Individuals involved in an electrical fire

Infants and young children

Excessive scarring in skin is termed

a keloid

healing by primary intention

a hematoma

healing by tertiary infection

a keloid

A wedge-shaped defect at the cervical area of a tooth, the cause of which is related to microfracture of the tooth structure in areas of concentration of stress, is termed

attrition

erosion

abrasion

abfraction

abfraction

The fluid component of blood in which the blood cells are suspended and is composed mainly of water and proteins is termed

plasma

serous fluid

transudate

exudate

plasma

During inflammation, pain may be caused by which microscopic event?

Phagocytosis

Leukocytosis

Exudate formation

Anaphylaxis

Exudate formation

Which type of inflammation occurs when the injury is minimal and brief and its source is removed from the tissue?

Acute

Chronic

Local

Systemic

Acute

The first microscapic event in the inflammatory response is

decreased blood flow

constriction of the microvasculature

phagocytosis

dilation of microvasculature

constriction of the microvasculature

The major cause of a mucocele is

a sialolith

salivary duct obstruction

trauma to a minor duct

allergic reaction

trauma to a minor duct

Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are especially helpful in the diagnosis of

Paget disease

dentinogenesis imperfecta

anemia

diabetes

Paget disease

The term erythroplakia is best used in which context?

Microscopic

Laboratory

Surgical

Clinical

Clinical

Another term for an amalgam tattoo is a

melanoma

focal argyrosis

nevus

multiple myeloma

focal argyrosis

Fordyce granules

are ectopic sebaceous glands.

are seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue.

require antibiotic treatment.

are lesions that require biopsy for diagnosis.

are ectopic sebaceous glands.

Which term best describes an elevated, 5-mm soft tissue lesion containing serous fluid?

Macule

Vesicle

Lobule

Pustule

Vesicle

The base of this lesion is correctly described as

pedunculated

lobule

bulla

sessile

sessile

It has been suggested that Candida albicans is associated with which condition?

Median rhomboid glossitis

Linea alba

Leukoedema

Retrocuspid papillae

Median rhomboid glossitis

Which papillae are elongated in the condition black hairy tongue?

Circumvallate

Foliate

Filiform

Fungiform

Filiform

What is the treatment for a patient with linea alba?

Brush the affected area; recommend good oral hygiene

Antibiotic therapy

Gentle irrigation

No treatment required

No treatment required

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is thought to result from

lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland

a sialolith

trauma to the floor of the mouth

pleomorphic adenoma

lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland

Matured fibrous tissue seen 2 weeks after an injury appears whiter or paler at the surface of the repaired injury for what two reasons?

1. Increased granulation tissue

2. Increased numbers of collagen fibers

3. Enlarged lymphocyte population

4. Decreased vascularity

2 & 4

2. Increased numbers of collagen fibers

4. Decreased vascularity

The wearing away of tooth structure during mastication is termed

attrition

erosion

abrasion

abfraction

attrition

Which habit is not a cause of abrasion?

Pipe placement by smokers

Playing wind instruments

Holding needles or pins with the teeth

Frequent sucking of lemons

Frequent sucking of lemons

Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?

Lobule

3 multiple choice options

A pathologic lesion found frequently in 30-year-old black women that requires a radiographic image and historical data for diagnosis is termed

Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

3 multiple choice options

Various sizes of circumscribed elevations that contain pus are termed

Pustules

3 multiple choice options

Because of its size and location , patient with a lingual thyroid may complain of

Dysphagia

3 multiple choice options

another name for geographic tongue is

benign migratory glossitis

A stafne bone cyst may contain

sailvary gland tissue

Chronic hyperplastic pulptitis presents with all symptoms except one. which one is the exception

pain

A process during inflammation in which white blodd cells move to the blood vessle wall is termed

margination

which symptom is not a classical local sign of inflammtion?

Leukocytosis

Hyperemia is responible for which two clinical signs of inflammation

erythema and heat

which term is used to describe a radiographic lesion with borders that are specifically defined, revealing the exact margins and extent of the lesion?

well circumscribed

Leukoedema is a generalized opalescence appearing on the buccal mucosa; linea alba is a dark pigmented line appearing on the buccal mucosa.

the first statement is true, and the second statement is false

a "white" tongue indicates an increase in the amout of

keratin

A medical history of a patient prescribed a calcium channel blocker may reveal which condition?

Gingival enlargement

During the acute inflammatory process, the second type of white blood cell to emigrate from the blood vessel into the injured tissue is termed

macrophage

Which choice is most likely to result in frictional keratosis?

Chewing on an edentulous ridge

Local factors that impair healing include the following except one. Which is the exception?

increased scar tissue

This sessile-based lesion is on the gingiva of a 13-year-old female. It is soft to palpation and bleeds easily. The accurate diagnosis for this lesion is

pyogenic granuloma

A tooth must be extracted if internal root resorption is present and a perforation occurs.

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

This granular, erythematous papillary surface of the palatal vault was caused by

an ill-fitting suction area of a maxillary denture

The diagnosis of a traumatic ulcer is usually based on

history of the lesion

The radiographic appearance of a simple radicular cyst is best described as

unilocular