CHEM 1060: Glycolysis
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42 Terms
what is the normal blood glucose levels?
70-110 mg/dL
What is the enzyme for the first reaction of glycolysis?
hexokinase
what are the substrates for the enzyme hexokinase?
glucose and ATP
What is an example of an Energy Input reaction?
Glucose + ATP + Hexokinase → Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP + Hexokinase
what is the products of the enzyme hexokinase?
ADP and Glucose-6-phosphate
What is the enzyme for the second reaction of glycolysis?
Phosphoglucoisomerase
What are the substrates for phosphoglucoisomerase?
Glucose-6-phosphate (as a substrate)
What are the products for phosphoglucoisomerase?
Fructose-6-phosphate (as a product)
What enzyme is required for the third step of glycolysis?
phosphofructokinase
What are the substrates for phosphofructokinase?
Fructose-6-phosphate and ATP (as substrates)
What are the products for phosphofructokinase?
fructose 1,6 Diphosphate and ADP
What enzyme is responsible for the fourth step of Glycolysis?
Aldolase (splits it in half)
What are the substrates for Aldolase?
Fructose 1,6 Diphosphate (as a substrate)
What are the products for Aldolase?
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + DHAP (as products)
What enzyme is responsible for the fifth reaction of glycolysis?
triosphosphateisomerase
What are the substrates for triosphosphateisomerase?
DHAP
What are the products for triosphosphateisomerase?
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
What enzyme is responsible for the sixth reaction of Glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
What are the substrates for Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
2 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates + 2 Pi + 2NAD+
What are the products for Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
2 1,3 Diphosphoglycerate + 2 NADH, H+
What enzyme is responsible for the seventh reaction of glycolysis?
Diphosphoglyceratekinase
What are the substrates for Diphosphoglyceratekinase?
2 1,3 Diphosphoglycerate + ADP (as substrates)
What are the products for Diphosphoglyceratekinase?
2 ATP + 2 3-Phosphoglycerate
What enzyme is responsible for step 8 of glycolysis?
Phosphoglycermutase
What are the substrates for Phosphoglycermutase?
2 3-phosphoglycerate
What are the products for Phosphoglycermutase?
2 2-phosphoglycerate
What enzyme is responsible for step 9 of glycolysis?
Enolase
What step of glycolysis is the only dehydration reaction?
Step nine
What are the substrates for Enolase?
2 2-phosphoglycerate
What are the products for Enolase?
PEP + water
What enzyme is responsible for step 10 of glycolysis?
pyruvate kinase
What are the substrates for pyruvate kinase?
2 PEP + 2 ADP
What are the products for pyruvate kinase?
2 ATP + 2 Pyruvates
What is the NET outcome of Glycolysis?
2 NADH, 2H+
2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
What is the NET outcome of Transition Rxn?
2 NADH, 2H+
and
2 CO2
Where does the pyruvate from glycolysis go to in the cell in an Aerobic rxn?
The matrix of the mitochondria
where does the pyruvate go to in the cell in an Anaerobic rxn?
The cytoplasm
What are the substrates of the Aerobic Transition Rxn?
2 Pyruvates + 2 NAD + CoA
What is the enzyme of the Aerobic Transition Rxn?
pyruvatedehyrdogenase + TPP
what are the products of the Aerobic transition reaction in ?
CO2 + Acetyl-CoA + NADH, H+
How do animals/bacteria use pyruvate in an Anaerobic rxn?
makes cheese or yogurt through lactose
How do plants/yeast use pyruvate in an Anaerobic rxn?
makes bread or drinking alcohol