Diseases of the Eye and Ear

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering eye and ear anatomy, various etiologies, and pathologic conditions such as entropion, uvetis, and otosclerosis.

Tunica fibrosa

The concentric tunic of the eyeball consisting of the cornea and sclera.

Tunica vasculosa (uvea)

The middle layer of the eyeball consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

Tunica nervosa

The innermost tunic of the eyeball, the retina.

Extraocular muscles

Muscles surrounding the eyeball including the superior and inferior obliques, recti/straight muscles (dorsal, ventral lateral, medial), and retractor bulbi.

Moraxella, Neisseria catarrhalis, Mycoplasma conjunctivae, B. canis

Bacterial etiologies associated with eye disorders.

Thelazia, Oxyspirura, Philophthalmus, and Toxoplasma

Parasitic agents, specifically eyeworms, that cause eye disorders.

Entropion

Inversion of the palpebral margin.

Ectropion

Eversion of the palpebral margin, especially the lower eyelid.

Trichiasis

Abnormal deviation of normally located cilia so that they impinge upon the cornea or conjunctiva.

Distiachiasis

The deviation of two rows of cilia.

Coloboma

The absence of eyelids, which may be partial or complete.

Exophthalmos (propoptosis)

The protrusion of the eyeball.

Enophthalmos (enophthalmia)

Bilateral retraction of the eyeball.

Hypopyon

The presence of pus cells in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Keratoglobus

Increased convexity of the cornea.

Nystagmus

Abnormal oscillatory movement of the eyeball.

Uveitis

Inflammation of the uvea/tunica vasculosa (iris, ciliary body, and choroid).

Keratitis

Inflammation of the cornea.

Blepharitis

Inflammation of the free border of the eyelids.

Nyctalopia/Xerophthalmia

Night blindness caused by a deficiency in Vit A/retinol.

Miosis

Excessive constriction of the pupil.

Mydriasis

Excessive dilatation of the pupil.

Cataract

Clouding or opacity of the lens.

Hordeolum

Infection of the eyelids.

Dacryocystitis

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

Pannus

Increase in the vascularization of the cornea.

Strabismus

The inability of one eye to attain binocular vision due to an imbalance of eyeball muscles.

Synecchia

Adhesion, especially of the iris, to other parts of the eye.

Auditory ossicles

Structures of the middle ear consisting of the stapes, incus, and malleus.

Organ of Corti

The organ of hearing located in the ear.

Loops of semicircular canals

The organ responsible for equilibrium/balance.

Aminoglycosides

Antibiotics with ototoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects.

Deafness

Lacking or deficient in the sense of hearing due to damage of cochlear parts.

Otitis

A general term for inflammation of ear structures.

Otosclerosis

A hereditary condition where bone surrounding the middle and inner ear grows excessively, preventing proper sound transmission.

Perichondritis

Infection of the cartilage of the outer ear.

Myringitis

Inflammation of the eardrum, viral or bacterial in origin.

Salpingitis

Inflammation of the Eustachian tube.

Tinnitus

A symptom in which noise originates in the ear rather than in the environment.