chalter 12 psych exam

What is the difference between stimulus-based and response-based stress?

Stimulus-based is Stress comes from outside events (like tests or problems) and

Response-based is Stress is how your body reacts (like sweating or feeling anxious).

What does it mean that stress is a process?

Stress is a step-by-step interaction: something happens → you think about it → your body reacts.

What is the difference between good stress and bad stress

Good stress (eustress): Helps you stay motivated and perform better And

Bad stress (distress): Makes you feel overwhelmed and can harm your health.

What did Walter Cannon and Hans Selye contribute to stress research?

Walter Cannon: Fight-or-flight response (how the body reacts to danger) and Hans Selye: Stress is a general body response; created the 3-stage stress model.

What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

Alarm: Body reacts (fight-or-flight)

Resistance: Body tries to cope

Exhaustion: Body gets worn out

What are the different types of stressors?

Acute: short-term (like an argument)

Chronic: long-term (like ongoing money problems)

Major life events: big changes (like moving or losing a job)

Daily hassles: small everyday problems (like traffic)

Why are life changes important as stressors?

Life changes can cause stress because they require adjustment, even if they are good (like getting married or starting a new job).

What is the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) is a tool that measures stress by assigning points to major life events. Higher total points = higher stress and greater risk of illness.

What are job strain and job burnout?

Job strain is Stress from having high demands and low control at work and Job burnout is Feeling emotionally exhausted, detached, and unmotivated after long-term stress at work.

What are psychophysiological disorders?

They are physical illnesses caused or worsened by stress and emotions (like headaches or high blood pressure).

What is the immune system and how does stress affect it?

The immune system protects your body from illness. Stress can weaken it, making you more likely to get sick.

How can stress and emotions affect cardiovascular disorders, asthma, and tension headaches?

Cardiovascular disorders: Stress raises heart rate and blood pressure, increasing risk of heart problems.

Asthma: Stress can trigger or worsen breathing problems.

Tension headaches: Stress causes muscle tightness, leading to headaches.

What is coping and what is the difference between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping?

Coping is how we deal with stress.

Problem-focused coping is Trying to fix the problem causing stress and Emotion-focused coping is Trying to manage your feelings about the stress.

Why is perceived control important in stress?

Perceived control means how much control you think you have. When people feel more in control, they usually feel less stressed and handle situations better.

Why is social support important for health and longevity?

Social support (friends, family, others) helps reduce stress, improves mental health, and can help people live longer and healthier lives.

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem-focused

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

B

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

Coping

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

Challenge;threat

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

Hassles

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

Chronic

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

Physiological

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body’s immune system are called ________.

Lymphocytes

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

Fight or flight

In Hans Selye’s rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

Adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration