Quiz #2 Foundations and Theories

Professional Philosophy

Refers to the set of values, beliefs, truths, and principles that guide the education, practice, and scholarship of the profession

OT Philosophy

defines the nature of the profession, guides the actions of practitioners, and determines the profession’s focus and processes

Philosophical Base of OT (Box 3.1)

OT philosophy is based on the value of engaging in desired life activities

Variety of Factors Influence Occupational Performance

• People participate in a variety of occupations in different setting and different way 

• Clients life situation, background, motivation, resources, history, cognitive, physical, social, emotional, biological, psychological, sociocultural, and spiritual identifications change occupations and performance 

• OTs have to examine the requirements of the occupation and the patients biologic, psychologic, sociocultural, spiritual, motor skills, social skills, cognitive skills, emotional skills, body structures, range of motion, vision, hearing, balance to help patient engage in occupation

Figure 3.2 – Be able to create a similar figure/list for a different occupation with at least 5 different factors that influence that occupation

• Occupation: playing fetch with dog

  • Motor Skills: Coordination, timing, sequencing, motor planning of throwing ball

  • Cognitive Skills: Knowing the weather, finding correct toys, knowing time/schedule to play, location to play

  • Environmental Factors: Where they play fetch with the dog (house, backyard, park), do they use their hand to throw or a fetch stick, do they use a ball or a stick  

  • Psychological: feeling and emotions that come from playing with dog or causing owner to play fetch 

  • Personal: Age and health 

Volition

Person’s values, interests, and motivations

Occupation as a mean

 the use of a specific occupation to bring about a change in the client’s performance

Occupation as an end

the desired outcome or product of intervention

Core Values: Altruism

the unselfish concern for the welfare of others and includes showing care, dedication, responsiveness, and understanding to clients

Core Values: Equality

treating all people equally with an attitude of fairness and impartiality, and respecting beliefs, values, and lifestyles in day to day interactions 

Core Values: Freedom

an individual's right to exercise choice, independence, initiative, and self-direction (OTs help to promote freedom)

Core Value: Justice

provide services to those in need of them and to maintain a goal directed and objective relationship with clients

Core Value: Dignity

inherent value and worth of human beings (shown through empathy and respect)

Core Value: Truth

behavior that is accountable, honest, and accurate, and that maintains one's professional competence

Core Values: Prudence

the ability to demonstrate sound judgement, care, and discretion (dedication to continued learning, reflection, self-awareness)

Voices of Right Now - Karen Hammell

Karen Hammell is encouraging OTs to stop discrimination (the way OT started) and promote occupational justice and diversity

Current Trends: Children & youth health & wellness

• Develop programs to address childhood obesity and health and wellness 

• Help with SDOH 

• Early intervention and Advocacy 

• School OT to function in Education

Current Trends: Women’s health & wellness

Lactation specialists, doulas, pelvic health therapist, human and sex trafficking advocates, postpartum care, perinatal care educators, maternal wellness, cancer rehab, urinary incontinence, back pain, sexual enjoyment

Current Trends: Workplace health & wellness

• Working on the shift of remote work

• Help with universal design, mental health, digital wellness, etc

Social determinants of health

• Safe housing, transportation, and neighborhoods

• Racism, discrimination, and violence

• Education, job opportunities, and income

• Access to nutritious foods and physical activity opportunities 

• Polluted air and water

• Language and literacy skills 

how politics influences the OT profession

OTs must be political advocates and ensuring no clients are systemically excluded from care

Thought Leader section -Elizabeth Nafai

Elizabeth Nafai discusses how OT practitioners need to challenge their western ideas and consider other customs, beliefs and expectations.

Equality

Assumes everyone benefits from the same support

Equity

Gives different support to grant same access

Occupational Justice

Removes barriers to access

how culture and contexts influence occupational performance and OT practice

Culture influences the roles, routines, and habits people do. Roles in different cultures can look completely different. It influences choices, methods, perormance, standards, and expectations

Case Example: Thomas

• Thomas tried to create client centered care for Maria and reflected that she was not as engaged 

• Maria was from Dominican Republic so he researched and found that she viewed doctors to be experts and that men are the decision makers 

• Next session he applied culturally appropriate skills such as explaining to her that he wanted her to collaborate with him and communicating with her husband 

• He then started to engage in other various cultural situations such as conference to become multicultural

What is IPE and why is it important

• Interprofessional Education: For professionals to collaborate and work closely together 

• This is important because it prepares students for for practice

What is WFOT?

World Federation of Occupational Therapists

What are the 3 factors on which evidence-based practice decisions are made?

• Current research evidence

• Clients situation

• Previous experience